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Effects of supplementing rumen-protected niacin on fiber composition and metabolism of skeletal muscle in dairy cows during early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-28 , DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14490
J.O. Zeitz , A. Weber , E. Most , W. Windisch , C. Bolduan , J. Geyer , F.-J. Romberg , C. Koch , K. Eder

Nicotinic acid (NA) has been shown to induce muscle fiber switching toward oxidative type I fibers and a muscle metabolic phenotype that favors fatty acid (FA) utilization in growing rats, pigs, and lambs. The hypothesis of the present study was that supplementation of NA in cows during the periparturient phase also induces muscle fiber switching from type II to type I fibers in skeletal muscle and increases the capacity of the muscle to use free FA, which may help to reduce nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flow to the liver, liver triglyceride (TG) accumulation, and ketogenesis. Thirty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were allocated to 2 groups and fed a total mixed ration without (control group) or with ∼55 g of rumen-protected NA per cow per day (NA group) from 21 d before expected calving until 3 wk postpartum (p.p.). Blood samples were collected on d −21, −14, −7, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 63 relative to parturition for analysis of TG, NEFA, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Muscle and liver biopsies were collected on d 7 and 21 for gene expression analysis and to determine muscle fiber composition in the musculus semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and longissimus lumborum by immunohistochemistry, and liver TG concentrations. Supplementation of NA did not affect the proportions of type I (oxidative) or the type II:type I ratio in the 3 muscles considered. A slight shift from glycolytic IIx fibers toward oxidative-glycolytic fast-twitch IIa fibers was found in the semitendinosus, and a tendency in the longissimus lumborum, but not in the semimembranosus. The transcript levels of the genes encoding the muscle fiber type isoforms and involved in FA uptake and oxidation, carnitine transport, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glucose utilization were largely unaffected by NA supplementation in all 3 muscles. Supplementation of NA had no effect on plasma TG and NEFA concentrations, liver TG concentrations, and hepatic expression of genes involved in hepatic FA utilization and lipogenesis. However, it reduced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in wk 2 and 3 p.p. by 18 and 26% and reduced hepatic gene expression of fibroblast growth factor 21, a stress hormone involved in the regulation of ketogenesis, by 74 and 56%. In conclusion, a high dosage of rumen-protected NA reduced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in cows during early lactation, but failed to cause an alteration in muscle fiber composition and muscle metabolic phenotype.



中文翻译:

补充瘤胃烟酸对泌乳初期奶牛纤维组成和骨骼肌代谢的影响

烟酸(NA)已显示出诱导肌纤维向I型氧化纤维转变的趋势,以及有助于在成年大鼠,猪和羔羊中利用脂肪酸(FA)的肌肉代谢表型。本研究的假设是,在围产期阶段在奶牛中补充NA还可以诱导骨骼肌中肌纤维从II型转变为I型纤维,并增加肌肉使用游离FA的能力,这可能有助于减少非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)流向肝脏,肝脏甘油三酸酯(TG)积累和生酮作用。从预期产犊前21天到产后3周,将30只多头荷斯坦奶牛分为两组,每组每天不喂饲(对照组)或每头母牛每天饲喂约55克瘤胃保护的全混合日粮(NA组)(NA组)。 pp)。相对于分娩,在d -21,-14,-7,7,14,21,35和63上采集血样,用于分析TG,NEFA和β-羟基丁酸酯。在第7天和第21天收集肌肉和肝脏活检样本,以进行基因表达分析,并通过免疫组织化学和肝TG浓度确定半腱,半膜和腰最长肌中的肌肉纤维组成。NA的添加不会影响所考虑的3块肌肉中I型(氧化性)或II型:I型比例的比例。在半腱肌中发现了从糖酵解性IIx纤维向氧化-糖酵解快速抽搐的IIa纤维的轻微变化,并且在腰长肌中有趋势,但在半膜肌中则没有。编码肌纤维类型同工型并参与FA摄取和氧化的基因的转录水平,肉碱运输,三羧酸循环,氧化磷酸化和葡萄糖利用率在所有3块肌肉中均不受NA补充的影响。补充NA对血浆TG和NEFA浓度,肝TG浓度以及涉及肝FA利用和脂肪生成的基因的肝表达没有影响。但是,它使wk 2和3 pp中的血浆β-羟基丁酸酯浓度降低了18%和26%,并使成纤维细胞生长因子21(一种参与生酮调节的应激激素)的肝基因表达降低了74%和56%。总之,在哺乳初期,高剂量的瘤胃保护性NA可以降低奶牛血浆β-羟基丁酸酯的浓度,但不能引起肌纤维组成和肌肉代谢表型的改变。氧化磷酸化和葡萄糖利用率在所有3块肌肉中均不受NA补充的影响。补充NA对血浆TG和NEFA浓度,肝TG浓度以及涉及肝FA利用和脂肪生成的基因的肝表达没有影响。但是,它使wk 2和3 pp中的血浆β-羟基丁酸酯浓度降低了18%和26%,并使成纤维细胞生长因子21(一种参与生酮调节的应激激素)的肝基因表达降低了74%和56%。总之,在哺乳初期,高剂量的瘤胃保护性NA可以降低奶牛血浆β-羟基丁酸酯的浓度,但不能引起肌纤维组成和肌肉代谢表型的改变。氧化磷酸化和葡萄糖利用率在所有3块肌肉中均不受NA补充的影响。补充NA对血浆TG和NEFA浓度,肝TG浓度以及涉及肝FA利用和脂肪生成的基因的肝表达没有影响。但是,它使wk 2和3 pp中的血浆β-羟基丁酸酯浓度降低了18%和26%,并使成纤维细胞生长因子21(一种参与生酮调节的应激激素)的肝基因表达降低了74%和56%。总之,在哺乳初期,高剂量的瘤胃保护性NA可以降低奶牛血浆β-羟基丁酸酯的浓度,但不能引起肌纤维组成和肌肉代谢表型的改变。补充NA对血浆TG和NEFA浓度,肝TG浓度以及涉及肝FA利用和脂肪生成的基因的肝表达没有影响。但是,它使wk 2和3 pp中的血浆β-羟基丁酸酯浓度降低了18%和26%,并使成纤维细胞生长因子21(一种参与生酮调节的应激激素)的肝基因表达降低了74%和56%。总之,在哺乳初期,高剂量的瘤胃保护性NA可以降低奶牛血浆β-羟基丁酸酯的浓度,但不能引起肌纤维组成和肌肉代谢表型的改变。补充NA对血浆TG和NEFA浓度,肝TG浓度以及涉及肝FA利用和脂肪生成的基因的肝表达没有影响。但是,它使wk 2和3 pp中的血浆β-羟基丁酸酯浓度降低了18%和26%,并使成纤维细胞生长因子21(一种参与生酮调节的应激激素)的肝基因表达降低了74%和56%。总之,在哺乳初期,高剂量的瘤胃保护性NA可以降低奶牛血浆β-羟基丁酸酯的浓度,但不能引起肌纤维组成和肌肉代谢表型的改变。它可将wk 2和3 pp中的血浆β-羟基丁酸酯浓度分别降低18%和26%,并将成纤维细胞生长因子21(一种参与生酮调节的应激激素)的肝基因表达降低74%和56%。总之,在哺乳初期,高剂量的瘤胃保护性NA可以降低奶牛血浆β-羟基丁酸酯的浓度,但不能引起肌纤维组成和肌肉代谢表型的改变。它可将wk 2和3 pp中的血浆β-羟基丁酸酯浓度分别降低18%和26%,并将成纤维细胞生长因子21(一种参与生酮调节的应激激素)的肝基因表达降低74%和56%。总之,在哺乳初期,高剂量的瘤胃保护性NA可以降低奶牛血浆β-羟基丁酸酯的浓度,但不能引起肌纤维组成和肌肉代谢表型的改变。

更新日期:2018-06-30
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