Phencyclidine (PCP, “angel dust”, an arylcyclohexylamine) was the first non-natural, man-made illicit drug of abuse, and was coined ‘the most dangerous drug in America” in the late 1970s (amidst sensational horror stories of the drug’s effects); however, few other illicit drugs have had such a significant and broad impact on society—both good and bad. Originally developed as a new class of anesthetic, PCP-derived psychosis gave way to the PCP hypothesis of schizophrenia (later coined the NMDA receptor hypofunction hypothesis or the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia), which continues to drive therapeutic discovery for schizophrenia today. PCP also led to the discovery of ketamine (and a new paradigm for the treatment of major depression), as well as other illicit, designer drugs, such as methoxetamine (MXE) and a new wave of Internet commerce for illicit drugs (sold as research chemicals, or RCs). Furthermore, PCP is a significant contaminant/additive of many illegal drugs sold today, due to its ease of preparation by clandestine chemists. Here, we will review the history, importance, synthesis (both legal and clandestine), pharmacology, drug metabolism, and folklore of PCP, a true DARK classic in chemical neuroscience.

中文翻译：

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化学神经科学领域的经典著作：苯环利定（PCP）

苯环利定（PCP，“天使之尘”，一种芳基​​环己胺）是第一种非天然的人为非法滥用药物，在1970年代后期被誉为“美国最危险的药物”（这是该药物令人震惊的恐怖故事效果）; 但是，很少有其他非法药物对社会产生如此重大而广泛的影响，无论是好是坏。PCP衍生的精神病原本是作为一类新型的麻醉药开发的，后来被精神分裂症的PCP假说（后来称为NMDA受体假说或精神分裂症的谷氨酸假说）所取代，这继续推动了当今精神分裂症的治疗发现。五氯苯酚还导致发现了氯胺酮（以及用于治疗重度抑郁症的新范例）以及其他非法的名牌药物，例如甲氧西明（MXE）和互联网上针对非法药物（作为研究化学品或RC出售）的新一轮商业活动。此外，由于秘密化学家易于制备，五氯苯酚是当今销售的许多非法药物的重要污染物/添加剂。在这里，我们将回顾PCP的历史，重要性，合成（法律和秘密），药理学，药物代谢和民间文学艺术，这是化学神经科学中真正的DARK经典。