Knowledge of the factors controlling the diverse chemical emissions of common environmental bacteria and fungi is crucial because they are important signal molecules for these microbes that also could influence humans. We show here not only a high diversity of mVOCs but that their abundance can differ greatly in different environmental contexts. Microbial volatiles exhibit dynamic changes across microbial growth phases, resulting in variance of composition and emission rate of species-specific and generic mVOCs. In vitro experiments documented emissions of a wide range of mVOCs (>400 different chemicals) at high time resolution from diverse microbial species grown under different controlled conditions on nutrient media, or residential structural materials (N = 54, N_control = 23). Emissions of mVOCs varied not only between microbial taxa at a given condition but also as a function of life stage and substrate type. We quantify emission factors for total and specific mVOCs normalized for respiration rates to account for the microbial activity during their stationary phase. Our VOC measurements of different microbial taxa indicate that a variety of factors beyond temperature and water activity, such as substrate type, microbial symbiosis, growth phase, and lifecycle affect the magnitude and composition of mVOC emission.

中文翻译：

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环境细菌和真菌中微生物挥发性有机化合物的排放因子

了解控制常见环境细菌和真菌的多种化学物质排放的因素至关重要，因为它们是这些微生物的重要信号分子，也可能影响人类。我们在这里不仅显示了mVOC的高度多样性，而且它们的丰度在不同的环境中也可以有很大的不同。微生物挥发物在整个微生物生长期表现出动态变化，从而导致特定物种和通用mVOC的成分和排放速率发生变化。体外实验记录了在不同的受控条件下在营养培养基或住宅结构材料（N = 54，N_对照）下在不同控制条件下生长的多种微生物在高分辨下排放多种mVOC（> 400种不同化学物质）的情况。= 23）。mVOC的排放不仅在给定条件下的微生物类群之间变化，而且还根据生命周期和底物类型而变化。我们对总呼吸量和特定mVOC的排放因子进行了量化，并针对呼吸速率进行了归一化处理，以说明其静止期的微生物活性。我们对不同微生物类群的VOC测量表明，温度和水活度以外的多种因素，例如底物类型，微生物共生，生长期和生命周期，都会影响mVOC排放的大小和组成。