Smart miniaturized aquatic devices have many important applications, but their locomotion at different interfaces remains a challenge. Here, we report a smart miniaturized submarine moving at various air/liquid or oil/water interfaces. The microsubmarine is fabricated by a CO₂-responsive superhydrophobic copper mesh and is driven by the Marangoni effect. The microsubmarine can not only transfer among different interfaces reversibly but also move horizontally at the interfaces freely. The unique locomotion of the device is attributed to a CO₂-triggered switch between superhydrophobicity and underwater superoleophobicity. Moreover, the microsubmarine exhibits good stability and excellent oil repellence at the oil/water interface. Our study provides a strategy for fabricating smart aquatic devices that have potential applications in environment monitoring, water purification, channel-free microfluidics, and so on.

中文翻译：

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智能微型潜艇在各种接口上的受控运动

智能小型水生设备具有许多重要的应用，但是它们在不同接口上的移动仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们报告了在各种气/液或油/水界面移动的智能小型潜艇。微型潜艇由对CO ₂敏感的超疏水铜网制成，并受Marangoni效应驱动。微型潜水艇不仅可以在不同的界面之间可逆地转移，而且可以在界面上自由地水平移动。设备的独特运动归因于CO ₂在超疏水性和水下超疏油性之间触发切换。此外，微型潜艇在油/水界面处显示出良好的稳定性和出色的拒油性。我们的研究提供了一种制造智能水生设备的策略，该设备在环境监测，水净化，无通道微流体等方面具有潜在的应用。