Biomineralization is a highly dynamic, yet controlled, process that many living creatures employ to develop functional tissues such as tooth enamel, bone, and others. A major goal in materials science is to create bioinspired functional structures based on the precise organization of building blocks across multiple length scales. Therefore, learning how nature has evolved to use biomineralization could inspire new ways to design and develop synthetic hierarchical materials with enhanced functionality. Toward this goal, this review dissects the current understanding of structure–function relationships of dental enamel and bone using a materials science perspective and discusses a wide range of synthetic technologies that aim to recreate their hierarchical organization and functionality. Insights into how these strategies could be applied for regenerative medicine and dentistry are also provided.

中文翻译：

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分层生物矿化：从自然界的设计到用于再生医学和牙科的合成材料

生物矿化是一个高度动态但受控制的过程，许多生物都利用它来发育牙釉质，骨骼等功能组织。材料科学的主要目标是基于跨多个长度尺度的构建块的精确组织，创建具有生物灵感的功能结构。因此，了解自然界如何进化来使用生物矿化技术可能会激发出新的方法来设计和开发具有增强功能的合成分层材料。为了实现这一目标，本综述从材料科学的角度剖析了当前对牙釉质和骨骼的结构-功能关系的理解，并讨论了旨在重现其层次结构和功能的多种合成技术。