Soil profiles keep records of the legacies of historical land uses on soil physicochemical properties with deep‐soil (3‐m depth) profiles providing information on centuries‐old dynamics. By combining geohistorical archives on past land uses and management practices together with soil pH data from 19 plots scattered across five study areas in North France, we analyzed the effect of two contrasting historical land‐use change trajectories (afforestation of former arable land vs. cultivation after deforestation) on the acidification and alkalinization dynamics along 3‐m‐depth loessic Luvisols profiles. An analysis of covariance and a generalized additive model were used to test the interaction effect between depth and the two studied chronosequences levels on soil pH. Results show two contrasting alkalinization dynamics for formerly acidic forest soils converted to arable land depending on past management practices. One century of liming practices based on hydrated lime is enough for a complete deprotonation, whereas alkalinization dynamic was much slower (two to four centuries are necessary to neutralize the relictual acidity below 2 m) under liming based on chalk‐blocks supply. Per contra, afforestation of former arable land cultivated and limed during at least 2–4 centuries keep an alkaline ‘memory’ effect over more than a millennium. The acidification process is progressive through time from the surface to deeper soil horizons. This suggests that soil pH profiles can be used to estimate time since afforestation of former arable land. Linking deep‐soil pH profiles with chronosequences is a powerful tool to understand the potential impact of future land‐use change trajectories on soil physicochemical properties.

中文翻译：

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在土地利用变化后，哪些深层土壤剖面可以教会我们有关深时 ph 值动态的信息？

土壤剖面记录了历史土地利用对土壤理化特性的影响，而深层土壤（3 米深）剖面提供了数百年历史动态的信息。通过将过去土地利用和管理实践的地史档案与分布在法国北部五个研究区域的 19 个地块的土壤 pH 数据相结合，我们分析了两种截然不同的历史土地利用变化轨迹（前耕地造林与耕作）的影响森林砍伐后）沿 3 米深的黄土 Luvisols 剖面的酸化和碱化动态。协方差分析和广义加性模型用于测试深度和两个研究的时间序列水平对土壤 pH 值之间的相互作用影响。结果显示，根据过去的管理实践，将以前酸性森林土壤转变为耕地的两种对比碱化动态。基于熟石灰的一个世纪的石灰实践足以完全去质子化，而在基于白垩块供应的石灰条件下，碱化动态要慢得多（需要两到四个世纪才能中和 2 m 以下的残余酸度）。相反，在至少 2-4 个世纪期间耕种和石灰化的前耕地造林保持碱性“记忆”效应超过一千年。随着时间的推移，酸化过程从地表到更深的土壤层。这表明土壤 pH 剖面可用于估计自前耕地造林以来的时间。