Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterised by the use of a substance or act to the point of compulsion. There are a number of medical treatments available for the intervention of these disorders, however, the effectiveness of current therapeutics is far from adequate. Neuropeptides are known to modulate addictive behaviours and may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of substance abuse. Accumulating evidence has suggested galanin as a potential important neuromodulator of addiction. Both human genetic studies and animal models have highlighted a role for this neuropeptide in affective disorders, as well as alcohol, nicotine, and opiate dependence. This review highlights the role of galanin and other primary neuropeptides implicated in modulating addiction to different drugs of abuse. Orexin, relaxin-3, corticotrophin-releasing factor, dynorphin and enkephalin, are also discussed given their involvement in mediating reward-seeking behaviour.

中文翻译：

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成瘾的神经肽调节：专注于甘丙肽。

成瘾是一种慢性复发性疾病，其特征在于使用某种物质或起强迫作用。有许多可用于治疗这些疾病的药物，但是，当前疗法的有效性远远不够。已知神经肽可以调节成瘾行为，并可以为滥用药物的治疗提供新的治疗靶标。越来越多的证据表明甘丙肽可能是成瘾的潜在重要神经调节剂。人类遗传研究和动物模型都强调了这种神经肽在情感障碍以及酒精，尼古丁和鸦片依赖中的作用。这篇评论强调了甘丙肽和其他主要神经肽在调节对不同药物滥用的成瘾性中的作用。食欲素，relaxin-3，