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Defining Adult Stem Cells by Function, not by Phenotype
Annual Review of Biochemistry ( IF 16.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012341
Hans Clevers 1 , Fiona M. Watt 2
Affiliation  

Central to the classical hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) paradigm is the concept that the maintenance of blood cell numbers is exclusively executed by a discrete physical entity: the transplantable HSC. The HSC paradigm has served as a stereotypic template in stem cell biology, yet the search for rare, hardwired professional stem cells has remained futile in most other tissues. In a more open approach, the focus on the search for stem cells as a physical entity may need to be replaced by the search for stem cell function, operationally defined as the ability of an organ to replace lost cells. The nature of such a cell may be different under steady state conditions and during tissue repair. We discuss emerging examples including the renewal strategies of the skin, gut epithelium, liver, lung, and mammary gland in comparison with those of the hematopoietic system. While certain key housekeeping and developmental signaling pathways are shared between different stem cell systems, there may be no general, deeper principles underlying the renewal mechanisms of the various individual tissues.

中文翻译:


通过功能而不是通过表型定义成体干细胞

经典造血干细胞(HSC)范式的核心概念是,血细胞数量的维持完全由离散的物理实体(可移植的HSC)执行。HSC范例已成为干细胞生物学中的定型模板,但在大多数其他组织中寻找稀有的,硬连线的专业干细胞仍然是徒劳的。在更开放的方法中,可能需要将搜索干细胞功能(搜索上定义为器官替换丢失细胞的能力)替换为将干细胞作为一种物理实体进行搜索。这种细胞的性质在稳态条件下和组织修复过程中可能会有所不同。我们讨论了新兴的例子,包括皮肤,肠道上皮,肝,肺,和造血系统的乳腺相比。虽然某些关键的内务处理和发育信号通路在不同的干细胞系统之间共享,但可能没有普遍的,更深层次的原理支持各种单个组织的更新机制。

更新日期:2018-06-20
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