We present a facile and green approach to produce crystalline TiO₂ nanoparticles on a surface of different carbonaceous materials derived from lignocellulosic biomass such as STARBON‐800^® obtained by carbonization at 800 °C and biochar‐SWP700 (Soft Wood Pellets (SWP) obtained by pyrolysis at 700 °C) via novel low‐temperature ultrasound‐promoted green methodology coupled with citric acid as a cross‐linking agent. In comparison to other methods, the developed method has several significant benefits such as simplicity, great ability to get crystalline TiO₂ particles (elimination of high‐temperature treatment (material calcination at >300 °C) needed in the conventional sol‐gel method, which is extremely important in transforming amorphous TiO₂ into a photoactive crystalline phase) elimination of risky chemicals and oxidizing agent, and also ability to change some parameters (e. g. ultrasound intensity). Prepared materials were characterized by XRD, DR UV−vis, N₂ physisorption, HR‐XPS, XRF, HR‐TEM, FT‐IR and subsequently tested for their photocatalytic activities both in photocatalytic phenol degradation (in water) and oxidation of methanol (in air) under UV and visible light irradiation.

中文翻译：

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TiO2 /木质纤维素碳材料的设计与制造：低温声结晶与光催化剂性能的关系

我们提出了一个容易和绿色的方法来制备结晶的TiO _2层从木质纤维素生物质衍生的诸如STARBON-800不同的碳质材料的表面上的纳米颗粒^®通过获得通过碳化在800℃和获得生物炭-SWP700（软木球团（SWP）在700°C的温度下热解）通过新型低温超声促进的绿色方法结合柠檬酸作为交联剂。与其他方法相比，已开发的方法具有许多显着的优点，例如简便，获得常规溶胶-凝胶法所需的结晶TiO ₂颗粒（消除高温处理（材料煅烧> 300°C）所需的能力），这对转化无定形TiO ₂极为重要进入光活性结晶相）消除了危险的化学物质和氧化剂，并具有改变某些参数（例如超声强度）的能力。通过XRD，DR UV-vis，N ₂物理吸附，HR-XPS，XRF，HR-TEM，FT-IR对制备的材料进行表征，然后测试其在光催化苯酚降解（在水中）和甲醇氧化中的光催化活性（在空气中）在紫外线和可见光照射下。