A novel polysaccharide (FCPW80-2) with a molecular weight of 1.21 × 10⁵ Da was first isolated from Ficus carica through hot water extraction and several chromatographic methods. The structure of FCPW80-2 was determined by chemical and instrumental analysis. The results showed that the backbone of FCPW80-2 consists of (1→5)-linked α-L-Ara, (1→3,6)-linked β-D-Man and (1→4,6)-linked β-D-Gal. The branches of FCPW80-2 consist of (1→4)-linked α-D-Glc and (1→3)-linked β-L-Rha terminated with (1→)-linked β-D-Glc. In vitro immunomodulatory activity assays revealed that FCPW80-2 could markedly promote the secretion of cytotoxic molecules (NO) and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) as well as the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, TLR2 was found to be a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of FCPW80-2, and its related mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38, were rapidly upregulated by FCPW80-2 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, FCPW80-2 could not only upregulate the expression of p-p65 and p-IκB-α, but also cause the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 from cytosol to nuclei in RAW264.7 macrophages. The results demonstrated that MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways participated in FCPW80-2-induced macrophage activation and FCPW80-2 could be developed as a potential immunomodulating functional food.

中文翻译：

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一种新的无花果多糖的结构表征和免疫调节活性

首先通过热水萃取和几种色谱法从无花果中分离出分子量为1.21×10 ⁵ Da的新型多糖（FCPW80-2）。FCPW80-2的结构通过化学和仪器分析确定。结果表明，FCPW80-2的骨架由（1→5）连接的α- L- Ara，（1→3，6）连接的β- D- Man和（1→4，6）连接的β组成。 - d -半乳糖。FCPW80-2的分支由（1→4）-连接的α- D- Glc和以（1→）连接的β- D - Glc终止的（1→3）-连接的β- L - Rha组成。体外免疫调节活性分析表明，FCPW80-2可以显着促进细胞毒性分子（NO）和细胞因子（TNF-α和IL-6）的分泌以及RAW264.7巨噬细胞的吞噬作用。此外，发现TLR2是FCPW80-2的模式识别受体（PRR），其相关的促丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPK），包括p-ERK，p-JNK和p-p38，被FCPW80-迅速上调。 2个在RAW264.7巨噬细胞中。此外，FCPW80-2不仅可以上调p-p65和p-IκB-α的表达，而且还可以引起RAW264.7巨噬细胞中核因子-κB（NF-κB）p65从胞质向细胞核的移位。结果表明，MAPK和NF-κB信号通路参与了FCPW80-2诱导的巨噬细胞活化，FCPW80-2有望成为潜在的免疫调节功能食品。