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Crystallizing a memory
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-14 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0043
Steve Ramirez 1
Affiliation  

Researchers identify and modulate synaptic correlates of a memory engram What is the physical basis of memory? What does it take to retrieve a memory in the brain? What would it take to activate or erase memories? In the early 20th century, the German zoologist Richard Semon coined the term “engram” to denote the physical manifestation of a memory in the brain (1). Two decades later, Canadian psychologist Donald Hebb posited a physiological correlate for learning and recollection: The process of learning strengthens the connections, or synapses, between neurons, which leads to the development of brain-wide cell assemblies that undergo changes in their structural and functional connectivity (2). The coordinated activity of these assemblies—called ensembles, traces, or engrams—that occurs during learning (memory formation) is thought to be reengaged during recall and thereby forms a stable neuronal correlate of memory (2). As subsequent memories are formed, the dynamics of these assemblies evolve and provide preexisting scaffolds to influence how the brain processes the variety of memories an organism forms. Studies by Abdou et al. (3) on page 1227 of this issue and by Choi et al. (4) develop new technologies to visualize discrete engrams in the brain and modulate them in a synapse-specific manner to understand memory strength and memory restoration from an amnestic state. This improved understanding could eventually be translated to modulate memories to alleviate maladaptive memory states.

中文翻译:

结晶记忆

研究人员识别并调节记忆印迹的突触关联物 记忆的物理基础是什么?检索大脑中的记忆需要什么?激活或擦除记忆需要什么?20 世纪初,德国动物学家理查德·塞蒙 (Richard Semon) 创造了术语“印迹”来表示大脑中记忆的物理表现 (1)。二十年后,加拿大心理学家唐纳德·赫布提出了学习和回忆的生理相关性:学习过程加强了神经元之间的连接或突触,从而导致全脑细胞集的发展,这些细胞集的结构和功能发生了变化。连通性(2)。这些程序集的协调活动——称为集合、跟踪、或印迹——发生在学习(记忆形成)期间被认为在回忆期间重新参与,从而形成稳定的记忆神经元关联 (2)。随着后续记忆的形成,这些集合的动态演变并提供预先存在的支架来影响大脑如何处理生物体形成的各种记忆。Abdou 等人的研究。(3) 在本期第 1227 页,由 Choi 等人撰写。(4) 开发新技术来可视化大脑中的离散印迹,并以特定于突触的方式调节它们,以了解记忆强度和记忆从遗忘状态恢复。这种改进的理解最终可以转化为调节记忆以减轻适应不良的记忆状态。这些组件的动态进化并提供预先存在的支架来影响大脑如何处理生物体形成的各种记忆。Abdou 等人的研究。(3) 在本期第 1227 页,由 Choi 等人撰写。(4) 开发新技术来可视化大脑中的离散印迹,并以特定于突触的方式调节它们,以了解记忆强度和记忆从遗忘状态恢复。这种改进的理解最终可以转化为调节记忆以减轻适应不良的记忆状态。这些组件的动态进化并提供预先存在的支架来影响大脑如何处理生物体形成的各种记忆。Abdou 等人的研究。(3) 在本期第 1227 页,由 Choi 等人撰写。(4) 开发新技术来可视化大脑中的离散印迹,并以特定于突触的方式调节它们,以了解记忆强度和记忆从遗忘状态恢复。这种改进的理解最终可以转化为调节记忆以减轻适应不良的记忆状态。(4) 开发新技术来可视化大脑中的离散印迹,并以特定于突触的方式调节它们,以了解记忆强度和记忆从遗忘状态恢复。这种改进的理解最终可以转化为调节记忆以减轻适应不良的记忆状态。(4) 开发新技术来可视化大脑中的离散印迹,并以特定于突触的方式调节它们,以了解记忆强度和记忆从遗忘状态恢复。这种改进的理解最终可以转化为调节记忆以减轻适应不良的记忆状态。
更新日期:2018-06-14
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