Synchrotron X‐ray and neutron scientific facilities are the most advanced resources with a large variety of state‐of‐the‐art instrumentations and powerful tools for material research. X‐rays and neutrons interact with matter in different ways and offer complementary views of materials at various levels. Here, the techniques and applications of synchrotron X‐ray and neutron diffraction, total scattering, and small‐angle scattering for rechargeable battery research are discussed. They all belong to the elastic scattering category and provide structure information on different length scales. The diffraction method is generally used to determine the phase and precise atomistic information of crystalline materials, while the total scattering coupled with pair‐distribution function analysis can probe local atomic structure of materials, independent of whether they are well crystallized or in amorphous/liquid phases. The small‐angle scattering techniques provide material size and shape information on the nanometer scale. Advantages of synchrotron high‐energy X‐rays are also presented, and it is described to be particularly suited for pair‐distribution function studies. Attention is also paid to the technical perspectives and some experimental specifications for the best uses of these methods for battery material research.

中文翻译：

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用于可充电电池研究的同步加速器X射线和中子衍射，总散射和小角度散射技术

同步加速器X射线和中子科学设施是最先进的资源，拥有各种最先进的仪器和用于材料研究的强大工具。X射线和中子以不同的方式与物质相互作用，并在各个层面提供物质的互补视图。在此，讨论了同步加速器X射线和中子衍射，总散射和小角度散射在可充电电池研究中的技术和应用。它们都属于弹性散射类别，并提供不同长度尺度的结构信息。衍射法通常用于确定晶体材料的相位和精确的原子信息，而总散射与成对分布函数分析可以探测材料的局部原子结构，与它们是否结晶良好或处于非晶态/液相无关。小角度散射技术可提供纳米级的材料尺寸和形状信息。还介绍了同步加速器高能X射线的优点，并被描述为特别适合于成对分布函数研究。还应注意这些方法在电池材料研究中的最佳用途的技术观点和一些实验规范。