The Antarctic Ice Sheet is an important indicator of climate change and driver of sea-level rise. Here we combine satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance to show that it lost 2,720 ± 1,390 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2017, which corresponds to an increase in mean sea level of 7.6 ± 3.9 millimetres (errors are one standard deviation). Over this period, ocean-driven melting has caused rates of ice loss from West Antarctica to increase from 53 ± 29 billion to 159 ± 26 billion tonnes per year; ice-shelf collapse has increased the rate of ice loss from the Antarctic Peninsula from 7 ± 13 billion to 33 ± 16 billion tonnes per year. We find large variations in and among model estimates of surface mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment for East Antarctica, with its average rate of mass gain over the period 1992–2017 (5 ± 46 billion tonnes per year) being the least certain.

中文翻译：

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1992年至2017年南极冰盖的质量平衡

南极冰盖是气候变化的重要指标，也是海平面上升的驱动因素。在这里，我们将对其不断变化的体积、流量和引力的卫星观测与其表面质量平衡的建模相结合，表明它在 1992 年至 2017 年间损失了 2,720 ± 13,900 亿吨冰，这对应于平均海平面上升 7.6 ± 3.9 毫米（误差为一个标准偏差）。在此期间，海洋驱动的融化导致南极洲西部的冰损失率从每年 53±290 亿吨增加到 159±260 亿吨；冰架坍塌使南极半岛的冰损失率从每年 7±130 亿吨增加到 33±160 亿吨。我们发现东南极洲表面物质平衡和冰川均衡调整的模型估计值存在很大差异，