Bio-based chemicals have gained more widespread attention than bio-fuels because of the decline in crude oil prices. The development of technologies to produce chemicals from bio-oil is potentially attractive because of the simplicity of bio-oil preparation. This study presents a prospective and detailed techno-economic life-cycle assessment for the joint production of levoglucosan, phenol-formaldehyde resins, and noncorrosive road deicers using fast biomass pyrolysis, bio-oil fractions, and a purification pathway by modeling a 60-dry-metric-ton biomass per day facility. In particular, life-cycle environmental metrics (i.e., global warming potential 100a, cumulative energy demand, and eco-indicator 99) as well as the 20-year facility internal rate of return (IRR) are determined, and uncertainty analysis is performed to provide deeper insight into the effect of these model parameters and the reliability of model predictions. It is found that bio-oil (BO)-derived levoglucosan was fairly environmentally competitive, BO-resin was promising under environmental aspects, and BO-deicer possessed fairly poor environmental profiles. On the basis of the life-cycle inventory assessment in this study, two slightly universal conclusions could be further proved: (1) if the consumption of the chemical and energy auxiliaries provided by nonrenewable resources is too large in a biomass-based process, this process could achieve higher environmental impacts compared with conventional production from nonrenewable resources, and (2) an increase in the product yields could effectively reduce the environmental footprint of this production process. For the biorefinery process, the facility IRR is 29.6%. The GWP100a (22.3 kg_CO2-eq kg⁻¹), CED (484 MJ_eq kg⁻¹) and EI-99 (1.91 points per kg) values for BO-deicer production are much higher than that for BO-LG (2.19 kg_CO2-eq kg⁻¹, 29.7 MJ_eq kg⁻¹ and 0.151 points per kg) and BO-resin (0.934 kg_CO2-eq kg⁻¹, 32.7 MJ_eq kg⁻¹ and 0.134 points per kg). The techno-economic analysis results showed that this project is commercially attractive, and the economic environment presents a low risk to the project investment.

中文翻译：

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利用生物油成分生产三种化学品的生命周期评估和技术经济分析

由于原油价格的下跌，生物基化学品比生物燃料受到了越来越广泛的关注。由于生物油制备的简单性，从生物油生产化学品的技术的发展具有潜在的吸引力。这项研究提出了一个前瞻性和详细的技术经济生命周期评估，该评估通过快速生物质热解，生物油馏分和通过模拟60干燥的提纯途径联合生产左旋葡聚糖，酚醛树脂和非腐蚀性道路除冰剂吨/天的生物质设施。特别是生命周期环境指标（即，全球变暖潜能值100a，累计能源需求和生态指标99）以及20年设施内部收益率（IRR）进行了确定，并进行了不确定性分析，以更深入地了解这些模型参数的影响以及模型预测的可靠性。发现生物油（BO）衍生的左旋葡聚糖具有相当的环境竞争力，在环境方面，BO-树脂前景广阔，BO-除冰剂具有相当差的环境特性。根据这项研究的生命周期清单评估，可以进一步证明两个普遍的结论：（1）在基于生物质的过程中，如果不可再生资源提供的化学和能源助剂的消耗量太大，与用不可再生资源进行的常规生产相比，该方法可能对环境产生更大的影响；（2）产品产量的增加可以有效减少该生产过程的环境足迹。对于生物精炼过程，设施的内部收益率是29.6％。GWP100a（22.3公斤BO除冰剂生产的_{CO 2当量}kg ^-1），CED（484 MJ_当量kg ^-1）和EI-99（1.91点/千克）值大大高于BO-LG（2.19 kg _{CO 2当量）}千克^-1，29.7 MJ_当量千克^-1和每公斤0.151分）和BO-树脂（0.934公斤_{CO 2当量}千克^-1，32.7 MJ_当量千克^-1和每公斤0.134点）。技术经济分析结果表明，该项目具有商业吸引力，经济环境对项目投资的风险很小。