In the underdoped regime, the cuprate high-temperature superconductors exhibit a host of unusual collective phenomena, including unconventional spin and charge density modulations, Fermi surface reconstructions, and a pseudogap in various physical observables. Conversely, overdoped cuprates are generally regarded as conventional Fermi liquids possessing no collective electronic order. In partial contradiction to this widely held picture, we report resonant X-ray scattering measurements revealing incommensurate charge order reflections for overdoped (Bi,Pb)_2.12Sr_1.88CuO_6+δ (Bi2201), with correlation lengths of 40–60 lattice units, that persist up to temperatures of at least 250 K. The value of the charge order wavevector decreases with doping, in line with the extrapolation of the trend previously observed in underdoped Bi2201. In overdoped materials, however, charge order coexists with a single, unreconstructed Fermi surface without nesting or pseudogap features. The discovery of re-entrant charge order in Bi2201 thus calls for investigations in other cuprate families and for a reconsideration of theories that posit an essential relationship between these phenomena.

在掺杂不足的情况下，铜酸盐高温超导体表现出许多不同寻常的集体现象，包括非常规的自旋和电荷密度调制，费米表面重构以及各种物理可观察物的伪间隙。相反，过量的铜酸盐通常被认为是没有集体电子秩序的常规费米液体。与这张广为流传的图片有些矛盾，我们报告了共振X射线散射测量结果，揭示了过量掺杂（Bi，Pb）_2.12 Sr _1.88 CuO _{6+ δ的}电荷阶跃反射不当（Bi2201）的相关长度为40–60晶格单位，可以持续到至少250 K的温度。电荷阶波矢量的值随掺杂而降低，这与先前在掺杂不足的Bi2201中观察到的趋势的外推相符。但是，在过量掺杂的材料中，电荷顺序与单个未重构的费米表面共存，而没有嵌套或伪间隙特征。因此，在Bi2201中发现可重入费用的命令，需要在其他铜价家族中进行调查，并且需要重新考虑在这些现象之间具有本质关系的理论。