Rechargeable battery cells are composed of two electrodes separated by an ion‐conducting electrolyte. While the energy density of the cell is mostly determined by the redox potential of the electrodes and amount of charge they can store, the processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface govern the battery's lifetime and performance. Viable battery cells rely on unimpeded ion transport across this interface, which depends on its composition and structure. These properties are challenging to determine as interfacial phases are thin, disordered, heterogeneous, and can be very reactive. The recent developments and applications of solid state NMR spectroscopy in the study of interfacial phenomena in rechargeable batteries based on lithium and sodium chemistries are reviewed. The different NMR interactions are surveyed and how these are used to shed light on the chemical composition and architecture of interfacial phases as well as directly probe ion transport across them is described. By combining new methods in solid state NMR spectroscopy with other analytical tools, a holistic description of the electrode–electrolyte interface can be obtained. This will enable the design of improved interfaces for developing battery cells with high energy, high power, and longer lifetime.

中文翻译：

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我们从电极-电解质界面上的固态NMR中可以学到什么？

可充电电池由两个由离子导电电解质隔开的电极组成。虽然电池的能量密度主要取决于电极的氧化还原电势和它们可以存储的电荷量，但电极-电解质界面的过程决定了电池的寿命和性能。可行的电池依赖于通过该界面的不受阻碍的离子传输，这取决于其组成和结构。由于界面相较稀，无序，不均匀且反应性极强，因此很难确定这些性质。综述了固态NMR光谱技术在基于锂和钠化学物质的可充电电池界面现象研究中的最新进展和应用。调查了不同的NMR相互作用，并描述了如何利用这些相互作用来阐明界面相的化学组成和结构以及如何直接探测离子在界面相之间的传输。通过将固态NMR光谱学中的新方法与其他分析工具结合起来，可以获得电极-电解质界面的整体描述。这将能够设计出改进的接口，以开发具有高能量，高功率和更长寿命的电池。