Nano–bio interfaces are emerging from the convergence of engineered nanomaterials and biological entities. Despite rapid growth, clinical translation of biomedical nanomaterials is heavily compromised by the lack of comprehensive understanding of biophysicochemical interactions at nano–bio interfaces. In the past decade, a few investigations have adopted a combinatorial approach toward decoding nano–bio interfaces. Combinatorial nano–bio interfaces comprise the design of nanocombinatorial libraries and high-throughput bioevaluation. In this Perspective, we address challenges in combinatorial nano–bio interfaces and call for multiparametric nanocombinatorics (composition, morphology, mechanics, surface chemistry), multiscale bioevaluation (biomolecules, organelles, cells, tissues/organs), and the recruitment of computational modeling and artificial intelligence. Leveraging combinatorial nano–bio interfaces will shed light on precision nanomedicine and its potential applications.

中文翻译：

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组合式纳米生物接口

纳米生物界面正从工程纳米材料和生物实体的融合中出现。尽管增长迅速，但由于对纳米生物界面上的生物物理化学相互作用缺乏全面的了解，生物医学纳米材料的临床翻译受到严重损害。在过去的十年中，一些研究已经采用组合方法来解码纳米生物界面。组合纳米生物接口包括纳米组合文库的设计和高通量生物评估。在此观点中，我们解决了组合纳米生物接口中的挑战，并呼吁采用多参数纳米组合技术（组成，形态，力学，表面化学），多尺度生物评估（生物分子，细胞器，细胞，组织/器官），以及招聘计算模型和人工智能。利用组合的纳米生物接口将为精密纳米医学及其潜在应用提供启示。