Grain boundaries (GBs) are central defects for describing polycrystalline materials, and playing major role in a wide-range of physical properties of polycrystals. Control over GB kinetics provides effective means to tailor polycrystal properties through material processing. While many approaches describe different GB kinetic phenomena, this review provides a unifying concept for a wide range of GB kinetic behavior. Our approach rests on a disconnection description of GB kinetics. Disconnections are topological line defects constrained to crystalline interfaces with both step and dislocation character. These characteristics can be completely specified by GB bicrystallography and the macroscopic degrees of freedom of GBs. GB thermal fluctuations, GB migration and the ability of GBs to absorb/emit other defects from/into the delimiting grains can be modeled via the nucleation, propagation and reaction of disconnections in the GB. We review the fundamentals of bicrystallography and its relationship to disconnections and ultimately to the kinetic behavior of GBs. We then relate disconnection dynamics and GB kinetics to microstructural evolution. While this review of the GB kinetics literature is not exhaustive, we review much of the foundational literature and draw comparisons from a wide swath of the extant experimental, simulation, and theoretical GB kinetics literature.

中文翻译：

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晶界动力学：统一方法

晶界 (GB) 是描述多晶材料的中心缺陷，在多晶的广泛物理性质中起着重要作用。对 GB 动力学的控制提供了通过材料加工定制多晶特性的有效手段。虽然许多方法描述了不同的 GB 动力学现象，但本综述为广泛的 GB 动力学行为提供了统一的概念。我们的方法依赖于 GB 动力学的断开描述。断开是限制在具有阶梯和位错特征的晶体界面上的拓扑线缺陷。这些特性可以完全由 GB 双晶学和 GB 的宏观自由度指定。GB 热波动，GB 迁移和 GB 从定界晶粒吸收/发射其他缺陷的能力可以通过 GB 中断开的成核、传播和反应进行建模。我们回顾了双晶学的基本原理及其与断开连接以及最终与 GB 动力学行为的关系。然后，我们将断开动力学和 GB 动力学与微观结构演化联系起来。虽然对 GB 动力学文献的审查并不详尽，但我们回顾了许多基础文献，并从大量现有的实验、模拟和理论 GB 动力学文献中进行了比较。然后，我们将断开动力学和 GB 动力学与微观结构演化联系起来。虽然对 GB 动力学文献的审查并不详尽，但我们回顾了许多基础文献，并从大量现有的实验、模拟和理论 GB 动力学文献中进行了比较。然后，我们将断开动力学和 GB 动力学与微观结构演化联系起来。虽然对 GB 动力学文献的审查并不详尽，但我们回顾了许多基础文献，并从大量现有的实验、模拟和理论 GB 动力学文献中进行了比较。