Organophosphorus pesticides form a diverse group of chemicals, having a wide range of physicochemical properties with crucial toxicological actions and endpoints. These are extensively used to control pests of different food (fruits, vegetables, tea, etc.) and non-food (tobacco, cotton, etc.) crops. Malathion is an important widely used organophosphorus pesticide but its hepatotoxic effects on fish are not well studied. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the hepatotoxic effects of Malathion on rohu (Labeo rohita) fish in a semi-static system using different parameters. The LC₅₀ of Malathion was found to be 5 µg/L for rohu for 96 h through Probit analysis and was used for further toxicity testing. To find the hepatotoxic effects of Malathion, changes in different biochemical indices including protein contents, Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), activities of four protein metabolic enzymes [Aspartate Aminotransferase (AAT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Alanine Aminotransferase (AlAT), and Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH)], seven antioxidant enzymes [Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Reductase (GR), Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px)], DNA damage [in term of comet tail length, tail moment, DNA percentage in tail, and olive tail moment], reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Histopathological alterations were assayed. Malathion exposure led to a time-reliant significant (P < 0.05) decrease in protein contents and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in ROS, LPO, enzymatic activities, and DNA damage. The histopathological examination of the liver showed different changes including hepatic necrosis, fatty infiltration, hemorrhage vacuolation, glycogen vacuolation, congestion, and cellular swelling. The current study clearly revealed Malathion as a potent hepatotoxic pesticide; therefore the injudicious, indiscriminate and extensive use of Malathion should be prohibited or at least reduced and strictly monitored.

有机磷农药形成多种化学物质，具有广泛的物理化学特性，具有重要的毒理作用和终点。这些被广泛用于控制不同食物（水果，蔬菜，茶等）和非食物（烟草，棉花等）农作物的害虫。马拉硫磷是一种重要的广泛使用的有机磷农药，但其对鱼类的肝毒性作用尚未得到很好的研究。因此，本研究旨在研究使用不同参数的半静态系统中马拉硫磷对rohu（Labeo rohita）鱼的肝毒性作用。LC ₅₀通过Probit分析发现，马拉硫磷的Rohu含量96 mg / L为5 µg / L，可用于进一步的毒性测试。为了发现马拉硫磷的肝毒性作用，包括蛋白质含量，脂质过氧化（LPO），四种蛋白质代谢酶[天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AAT），乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），丙氨酸氨基转移酶（AlAT）和谷氨酸在内的不同生化指标的变化脱氢酶（GDH），七种抗氧化酶[过氧化氢酶（CAT），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化物酶（POD），谷胱甘肽（GSH），谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR），谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ GSH-Px）]，DNA损伤[以彗星尾巴的长度，尾巴矩，尾巴中的DNA百分比和橄榄尾巴矩表示]，活性氧（ROS）和组织病理学改变。P  <0.05）蛋白质含量降低， ROS，LPO，酶活性和DNA损伤显着（P <0.05）增加。肝脏的组织病理学检查显示出不同的变化，包括肝坏死，脂肪浸润，出血空泡，糖原空泡，充血和细胞肿胀。目前的研究清楚地表明马拉硫磷是一种有效的肝毒性农药。因此，应禁止或至少减少并严格监控马拉硫磷的恶意，滥杀滥伤和广泛使用。