This article is a critical overview of recent contributions on the dietary corrections and the foods that have been claimed to delay or hinder the onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its progression to end-stage renal disease. Innovative dietary and behavioral approaches to the prevention and therapy of DN appear to be the most captivating in consideration of the rather well-established protocols for glucose and blood pressure control in use. In addition to restricted caloric intake to contrast obesity and the metabolic syndrome, adjustments in the patient's macronutrients intake, and in particular some degree of reduction in protein, have been long considered in the prevention of DN progression. More recently, the focus has shifted to the source of proteins and the content of glycotoxins in the diet as well as to the role of specific micronutrients. Few clinical trials have specifically addressed the role of those micronutrients associated with diet proteins that show the most protective effect against DN. Research on clinical outcome and mechanisms of action of such micronutrients appears the most promising in order to develop both effective intervention on nutritional education of the patient and selection of functional foods capable of contrasting the onset and progression of DN.

中文翻译：

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饮食干预以对比糖尿病性肾病的发生和发展：新数据的一项重要调查

本文是对饮食校正和声称延缓或阻碍糖尿病性肾病（DN）的发作及其发展为终末期肾病的食品的最新贡献的重要综述。考虑到相当不错，预防和治疗DN的创新饮食和行为方法似乎是最吸引人的-建立使用中的葡萄糖和血压控制方案。除了限制肥胖和代谢综合症的热量摄入外，在预防DN进展中，长期以来一直在考虑调整患者的大量营养素摄入量，尤其是蛋白质的某种程度的减少。最近，重点已转移到饮食中蛋白质的来源和糖毒素的含量以及特定微量营养素的作用上。很少有临床试验专门研究那些与饮食蛋白相关的微量营养素的作用，这些营养素对DN的保护作用最大。