Glycosylation is a biologically important protein modification process by which a carbohydrate chain is enzymatically added to a protein at a specific amino acid residue. This process plays roles in many cellular functions, including intracellular trafficking, cell–cell signaling, protein folding and receptor binding. While glycosylation is a common host cell process, it is utilized by many pathogens as well. Protein glycosylation is widely employed by viruses for both host invasion and evasion of host immune responses. Thus better understanding of viral glycosylation functions has potential applications for improved antiviral therapeutic and vaccine development. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the broad biological functions of glycans for the Mononegavirales, an order of enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses of high medical importance that includes Ebola, rabies, measles and Nipah viruses. We discuss glycobiological findings by genera in alphabetical order within each of eight Mononegavirales families, namely, the bornaviruses, filoviruses, mymonaviruses, nyamiviruses, paramyxoviruses, pneumoviruses, rhabdoviruses and sunviruses.

中文翻译：

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对糖上瘾：聚糖在单链病毒目中的作用

糖基化是一种生物学上重要的蛋白质修饰过程，通过酶促作用将碳水化合物链添加到蛋白质的特定氨基酸残基处。这一过程在许多细胞功能中发挥作用，包括细胞内运输、细胞间信号传导、蛋白质折叠和受体结合。虽然糖基化是一种常见的宿主细胞过程，但它也被许多病原体利用。病毒广泛利用蛋白质糖基化来入侵宿主和逃避宿主免疫反应。因此，更好地了解病毒糖基化功能对于改进抗病毒治疗和疫苗开发具有潜在的应用。在这里，我们总结了目前对单链病毒目聚糖广泛生物学功能的了解，单链病毒目是一种具有高度医学重要性的包膜负义单链 RNA 病毒，包括埃博拉病毒、狂犬病病毒、麻疹病毒和尼帕病毒。我们按字母顺序讨论八个单链病毒科中各个属的糖生物学发现，即博尔纳病毒、丝状病毒、粘单病毒、尼亚米病毒、副粘病毒、肺病毒、弹状病毒和太阳病毒。