Water pollutant treatment has become a critical issue in environmental engineering and protection. Adsorption techniques via solid adsorbents have been widely applied for the efficient removal of metal ions from wastewater solutions, where polymer-based composites have attracted much attention due to their intrinsic environmentally harmless and degradable properties. Particularly, polymer-based nanocomposites often present superior physical, chemical and mechanical properties, as well as superior compatibility, as compared with single polymers, by incorporating the advantages of both counterparts in the composites. This article is an overview of the versatile polymer-based composites containing different functional organic and/or inorganic counterparts for the removal of hazardous metal ions from wastewater. The synthesis of the adsorbents, adsorption process features and mechanism investigation are highlighted and discussed in detail. The future perspectives and trends in this field are also outlined. We hope that this review will provide some inspiring information for designing and fabricating polymer-based nanocomposites for the removal of diverse heavy metal ions from aqueous solution, and pollution management in the near future.

中文翻译：

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聚合物基纳米复合材料用于去除水溶液中的重金属离子：综述

水污染物的处理已成为环境工程和环境保护中的关键问题。通过吸附技术固体吸附剂已被广泛用于从废水溶液中有效去除金属离子，其中基于聚合物的复合材料因其固有的对环境无害和可降解的特性而备受关注。特别地，通过将​​两种对应物的优点结合到复合物中，与单一聚合物相比，基于聚合物的纳米复合材料通常表现出优异的物理，化学和机械性能以及优异的相容性。本文概述了通用的聚合物基复合材料，其中包含用于从废水中去除有害金属离子的不同功能的有机和/或无机对应物。重点介绍了吸附剂的合成，吸附过程的特点和机理研究。还概述了该领域的未来前景和趋势。我们希望这篇综述将为设计和制造基于聚合物的纳米复合材料提供启发性信息，以从水溶液中去除多种重金属离子，并在不久的将来进行污染管理。