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Torrefaction of Woody Waste for Use as Biofuel
Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-04 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01136
C. M. Grottola 1 , P. Giudicianni 1 , J. B. Michel 2 , R. Ragucci 1
Affiliation  

Biomass for energy production has been extensively studied in the recent years. To overcome some constraints imposed by the chemical–physical properties of the biomass, several pretreatments have been proposed. Torrefaction is one of the most interesting pretreatments because torrefied biomass holds a wide range of advantages over raw biomass. The devolatilization of water and some oxygenated compounds influences the increase in the calorific value on both a mass and volumetric basis. The increase in the density reduces the transportation costs. Moreover, the decreased moisture content increases the resistance of biomass to biological degradation, thus facilitating its storage for long periods. Under torrefaction conditions, approximately 10–40 wt % of the initial biomass is converted into volatile matter, including liquid and non-condensable combustible gases. The energy efficiency of the process could greatly benefit the exploitation of the energy content of these products. Recent studies and technological solutions have demonstrated the possibility to realize polygeneration systems that integrate torrefaction/pyrolysis to a combustion process with the aim of obtaining torrefied material/biochar and/or energy from biomass. Some examples include Pyreg, Pyreg-Aactor GT, TorPlant, and Top Process. The identification of the main volatiles produced under the torrefaction regime is useful for the optimization of the operating conditions of the integrated system. The integrated process raises some concerns when biomass from phytoremediation and wood from demolition and construction activities are used as feedstock because they could contain potential toxic elements (PTEs). During the torrefaction treatment, the fate of PTEs should be controlled to avoid their release in the gas phase and to evaluate the extent of their concentration in the torrefied biomass. The present work aims at studying torrefaction as an eco-sustainable process for the combined production of a solid biofuel with improved characteristics with respect to the starting material and a combustible vapor phase, embedded in the gas carrier flow, to be directly burned for energy recovery. Herein, torrefaction tests on Populus nigra L. branches from phytoremediation and demolition wood were conducted at three temperatures, 250, 270, and 300 °C, at a holding time of 15 min. The energetic content of torrefied materials was determined. At the same time, the fate of the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) in the raw biomass at different torrefaction temperatures was studied, and their mobility in the torrefied biomass was investigated and compared to the mobility in the raw biomass.

中文翻译:

木质废物用作生物燃料的焙干

近年来,用于能源生产的生物质已经得到了广泛的研究。为了克服生物质的化学-物理性质所施加的某些限制,已提出了几种预处理方法。烘焙是最有趣的预处理方法之一,因为烘焙过的生物质比原始生物质具有广泛的优势。水和某些含氧化合物的脱挥发分会影响质量和体积的发热量的增加。密度的增加降低了运输成本。此外,减少的水分含量增加了生物质对生物降解的抵抗力,从而有利于其长期存储。在烘焙条件下,大约10–40 wt%的初始生物质转化为挥发性物质,包括液体和不可冷凝的可燃气体。该过程的能量效率可以极大地有益于这些产品的能量含量的利用。最近的研究和技术解决方案证明了有可能实现将焙干/热解与燃烧过程相结合的多联产系统,其目的是从生物质中获得焙烧过的材料/生物炭和/或能量。一些示例包括Pyreg,Pyreg-Aactor GT,TorPlant和Top Process。鉴定在焙干状态下产生的主要挥发物对于优化集成系统的操作条件是有用的。当将来自植物修复的生物质以及来自拆除和建筑活动的木材用作原料时,集成过程引起一些担忧,因为它们可能包含潜在的有毒元素(PTE)。在烘焙处理期间,应控制PTE的命运,以避免它们在气相中释放,并评估其在烘焙生物质中的浓度程度。目前的工作旨在研究焙干法作为一种生态可持续的方法,用于联合生产固体生物燃料,该方法在原料​​和可燃气体方面具有改进的特性,并嵌入气体载流中,可直接燃烧以回收能量。在此,对 应控制PTE的命运,以避免它们在气相中释放,并评估其在烘焙生物质中的浓度范围。目前的工作旨在研究焙干法作为一种生态可持续的方法,用于联合生产固体生物燃料,该方法在原料​​和可燃气体方面具有改进的特性,嵌入气体载流中,可以直接燃烧以回收能量。在此,对 应控制PTE的命运,以避免它们在气相中释放,并评估其在烘焙生物质中的浓度范围。目前的工作旨在研究焙干法作为一种生态可持续的方法,用于联合生产固体生物燃料,该方法在原料​​和可燃气体方面具有改进的特性,并嵌入气体载流中,可直接燃烧以回收能量。在此,对 直接燃烧以回收能量。在此,对 直接燃烧以回收能量。在此,对在250、270和300°C的三种温度下,以15分钟的保温时间进行了植物修复和拆除木材的黑杨分支。确定了烘焙材料的能量含量。同时,研究了不同焙烧温度下粗生物质中重金属(Cd,Pb和Zn)的命运,研究了它们在焙烧生物质中的迁移率,并将其与粗生物质中的迁移率进行了比较。
更新日期:2018-06-04
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