Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common cause of leukemia-related mortality. The combination of cytarabine and anthracycline has been the gold standard of treatment over the past 40 years, but the distribution of the drugs in the body leads to severe adverse effects. Poor prognosis of older patients with AML is the consequence not only of comorbidities, but also of chemoresistance resulting from frequent secondary AML. Numerous strategies using nanotechnologies are in development to improve drug targeting, pharmacokinetics, administration route, chemoresistance, and adverse effects generally observed. Among the four new drugs approved for AML by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017, Vyxeos^® is a novel liposomal formulation of historical AML drugs. Here, we review current AML treatments and discuss how the development of new formulations will change the therapeutic armamentarium.

急性髓细胞性白血病（AML）是与白血病相关的死亡率的最常见原因。在过去的40年中，阿糖胞苷和蒽环类药物的组合一直是治疗的金标准，但是药物在体内的分布会导致严重的不良反应。老年AML患者的不良预后不仅是合并症的结果，而且是频繁继发AML导致的化学耐药性的结果。目前正在开发使用纳米技术的许多策略，以改善靶向药物，药代动力学，给药途径，化学抗药性和通常观察到的不良反应。其中在2017年，Vyxeos批准AML由美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的四类新药^®是历史性AML药物的新型脂质体制剂。在这里，我们回顾了当前的AML治疗，并讨论了新配方的开发将如何改变治疗性武器库。