Abstract Low-grade iron ore with high combined water (CW) content (e.g., goethite) has been first dehydrated at low temperatures mildly to be slit-shaped nano-order pore, then has been reduced by ethanol (C2H5OH) charging under the heating conditions. Bioethanol as derived from biomass, regarded as a renewable and carbon-neutral resource, is a promising candidate as a reducing agent for ironmaking. In the experiments, ethanol was dropwise added to the mild-dehydrated, porous iron ore beds at heating conditions using the temperature-program. As a result, the ethanol was soon decomposed to CO and H2, which then reduced the iron oxides. Porous iron ore acts as a good catalyst for ethanol decomposition as it simultaneously reduces to metallic iron. Interestingly, iron oxides were reduced at a lower temperature, compared to conventional coal-based ironmaking in the blast furnace. Metallic Fe was obtained at only 750 °C, showing a reduction degree of 81%, due to the contribution of hydrogen reduction. The longer charging time of ethanol promotes the higher reduction degree as well as sufficient compositions of reducing gas (H2-CO) for the reduction process. The results of experiments using different iron ores revealed the general rule that the higher CW content in ore makes the larger surface area of the iron ore by mild-dehydration, causing higher reactivity in the reduction process. The results appealed that mild-dehydrated iron ore is good raw materials of bioethanol ironmaking, due to its nanopores.

中文翻译：

---

用乙醇还原轻度脱水的低品位铁矿石

摘要 高结合水（CW）含量的低品位铁矿石（如针铁矿）首先在低温下温和脱水形成狭缝状纳米级孔隙，然后在加热下加入乙醇（C2H5OH）还原。使适应。源自生物质的生物乙醇被认为是一种可再生的碳中性资源，是一种很有前途的炼铁还原剂候选者。在实验中，在使用温度程序的加热条件下，将乙醇逐滴添加到轻度脱水的多孔铁矿床中。结果，乙醇很快分解为 CO 和 H2，然后还原氧化铁。多孔铁矿石可作为乙醇分解的良好催化剂，因为它同时还原为金属铁。有趣的是，氧化铁在较低的温度下被还原，与传统的高炉煤基炼铁相比。由于氢还原的贡献，金属铁仅在 750 °C 下获得，还原度为 81%。较长的乙醇加料时间促进了较高的还原度以及还原过程所需的还原气体 (H2-CO) 的足够组成。使用不同铁矿石的实验结果揭示了一般规律，即矿石中较高的 CW 含量使铁矿石通过轻度脱水获得更大的表面积，从而导致还原过程中的反应性更高。结果表明，轻度脱水铁矿石具有纳米孔，是生物乙醇炼铁的良好原料。乙醇的较长充电时间促进了更高的还原度以及还原过程所需的还原气体 (H2-CO) 的足够组成。使用不同铁矿石的实验结果揭示了一般规律，即矿石中较高的 CW 含量使铁矿石通过轻度脱水获得更大的表面积，从而导致还原过程中的反应性更高。结果表明，轻度脱水铁矿石具有纳米孔，是生物乙醇炼铁的良好原料。乙醇的较长充电时间促进了更高的还原度以及还原过程所需的还原气体 (H2-CO) 的足够组成。使用不同铁矿石的实验结果揭示了一般规律，即矿石中较高的 CW 含量使铁矿石通过轻度脱水获得更大的表面积，从而导致还原过程中的反应性更高。结果表明，轻度脱水铁矿石具有纳米孔，是生物乙醇炼铁的良好原料。在还原过程中引起更高的反应性。结果表明，轻度脱水铁矿石具有纳米孔，是生物乙醇炼铁的良好原料。在还原过程中引起更高的反应性。结果表明，轻度脱水铁矿石具有纳米孔，是生物乙醇炼铁的良好原料。