Redox flow batteries with organic electrode materials are attracting much attention. Previous research efforts have been focusing on liquid-phase electrodes on both the anode and cathode sides. Since batteries based on air cathodes can provide immense advantages, coupling a liquid organic electrode with a gaseous air cathode could offer multiple benefits in terms of cost, safety, and energy density. Herein we present a liquid–gaseous battery system with an aqueous methyl viologen (MV) anode and an air cathode. However, under the traditional battery operation principle with the same electrolyte at the anode and cathode, the resulting MV–air battery will not be able to provide a reasonable voltage for practical applications. In this study, the cell voltage of the MV–air chemistry is strategically manipulated by using an acidic cathode electrolyte (catholyte) and a neutral anode electrolyte (anolyte). To operate a battery with different electrolytes at the anode and cathode, a sodium-ion (Na⁺-ion) conductive solid-state electrolyte (Na-SSE) membrane is employed to physically and electrically separate the two electrodes. The shuttling of sodium ions via the Na-SSE balances the ionic charge transfer between the two electrodes and sustains the redox reactions at the air cathode and the MV anode.

中文翻译：

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具有策略管理能力的可充电电池系统，具有中性甲基紫精阳极电解液和酸性空气阴极，可通过介体离子固体电解质实现

带有有机电极材料的氧化还原液流电池备受关注。先前的研究工作集中在阳极和阴极侧的液相电极上。由于基于空气阴极的电池可以提供巨大的优势，因此将液态有机电极与气态空气阴极耦合可以在成本，安全性和能量密度方面带来多重好处。在这里，我们提出了一种液态-气态电池系统，带有一个甲基紫精水溶液（MV）和一个空气阴极。但是，按照传统的电池工作原理，阳极和阴极处的电解液相同，所得的MV-空气电池将无法为实际应用提供合理的电压。在这项研究中，通过使用酸性阴极电解液（阴极电解液）和中性阳极电解液（阳极电解液）可以策略性地控制MV-空气化学物质的电池电压。要在阳极和阴极使用不同电解质的电池运行，请使用钠离子（Na^+（离子）导电固态电解质（Na-SSE）膜用于物理上和电气上分离两个电极。钠离子通过Na-SSE的穿梭平衡了两个电极之间的离子电荷转移，并维持了空气阴极和MV阳极的氧化还原反应。