Increased natural and anthropogenic stresses have threatened the Earth's ability to meet growing human demands of food, energy and water (FEW) in a sustainable way. Although much progress has been made in the provision of individual component of FEW, it remains unknown whether there is an optimized strategy to balance the FEW nexus as a whole, reduce air and water pollution, and mitigate climate change on national and global scales. Increasing FEW conflicts in the agroecosystems make it an urgent need to improve our understanding and quantification of how to balance resource investment and enhance resource use efficiencies in the FEW nexus. Therefore, we propose an integrated modeling system of the FEW nexus by coupling an ecosystem model, an economic model, and a regional climate model, aiming to mimic the interactions and feedbacks within the ecosystem–human–climate systems. The trade-offs between FEW benefit and economic cost in excess resource usage, environmental degradation, and climate consequences will be quantitatively assessed, which will serve as sustainability indicators for agricultural systems (including crop production, livestock and aquaculture). We anticipate that the development and implementation of such an integrated modeling platform across world's regions could build capabilities in understanding the agriculture-centered FEW nexus and guiding policy and land management decision making for a sustainable future.

不断增加的自然和人为压力已经威胁到地球以可持续方式满足人类对食物，能源和水（FEW）不断增长的需求的能力。尽管在提供FEW的各个组成部分方面已经取得了很大的进展，但是，是否有一个优化的策略来平衡FEW的整体，减少空气和水的污染，并在国家和全球范围内减轻气候变化，仍然是未知的。农业生态系统中越来越多的FEW冲突使我们迫切需要提高对如何平衡FEW关系中的资源投资和提高资源利用效率的理解和量化。因此，我们通过结合生态系统模型，经济模型和区域气候模型，提出了FEW关系的综合建模系统，旨在模仿生态系统-人类-气候系统中的相互作用和反馈。将定量评估FEW收益与经济成本之间的权衡取舍，即过度使用资源，环境退化和气候影响，这将作为农业系统（包括农作物生产，畜牧和水产养殖）的可持续性指标。我们预计，在全球各地区开发和实施这样一个集成的建模平台可以增强理解以农业为中心的FEW关系的能力，并为可持续发展的未来提供指导政策和土地管理决策的能力。它将作为农业系统（包括作物生产，畜牧和水产养殖）的可持续性指标。我们预计，在全球各地区开发和实施这样一个集成的建模平台可以增强理解以农业为中心的FEW关系的能力，并为可持续发展的未来提供指导政策和土地管理决策的能力。它将作为农业系统（包括作物生产，畜牧和水产养殖）的可持续性指标。我们预计，在全球各地区开发和实施这样一个集成的建模平台可以增强理解以农业为中心的FEW关系的能力，并为可持续发展的未来提供指导政策和土地管理决策的能力。