Abstract Southeast Asia (SEA) has large agricultural crop production and huge amounts of crop residues generated annually are commonly burned in the field to quickly clear land for the next crop planting. This study developed annual emission inventory for crop residue open burning (CROB) covering 17 emission species/groups for 10 SEA countries during 2010–2015, illustrated with relative contributions by country and by crop type. The fractions of crop residue subjected to open burning (OB), a large source of uncertainty in the activity data, compiled from surveys in SEA were significantly higher than those suggested in international databases. Emission factors for rice and maize residue OB were obtained from field experiments conducted in Thailand. The best estimates of the annual emissions averaged over 6 years, of air toxics were: 32 Gg of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.03 Gg organo-chlorinated pesticides, 292 Gg total chlorines, and 94 g I-TEQ dioxins. Emissions of PM2.5, BC and OC, in Tg yr−1, were respectively 1.8, 0.08 and 0.8. The coefficients of variation of annual emissions during the period were relatively small (2.6–8.6% depending on species) but still showed an increasing trend that reflected the changes in production of major crops during the period. Regionally, CROB shared 10–43% of the total biomass open burning emissions but varying with country: by far dominant in Vietnam and Philippines, and much less dominant in Indonesia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Rice straw open burning was the most dominant (19–97%) in the total CROB emissions of the 8 considered crops. The spatial distributions of annual emissions (0.1° x 0.1°) showed higher emission intensity over the areas cultivated with rice and sugarcane, while higher monthly emissions coincided with major harvesting periods in the dry season. The obtained EI data can be further used for air quality modeling to assess effects of CROB emission and to promote non-OB alternatives in the region.

中文翻译：

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2010-2015 年东南亚农作物秸秆露天焚烧排放的空气毒物年排放量

摘要 东南亚 (SEA) 农作物产量大，每年产生的大量农作物残留物通常在田间燃烧，以快速清理土地以备下一次作物种植。本研究制定了 2010-2015 年期间 10 个 SEA 国家的 17 个排放物种/组的作物残留物露天燃烧 (CROB) 年度排放清单，并按国家和作物类型说明了相对贡献。露天焚烧 (OB) 是活动数据中很大的不确定性来源，根据 SEA 调查汇编的作物残留物比例明显高于国际数据库中建议的比例。水稻和玉米残留物 OB 的排放因子是从泰国进行的田间试验中获得的。对空气有毒物质 6 年平均年排放量的最佳估计是：32 Gg 多环芳烃、0.03 Gg 有机氯化农药、292 Gg 总氯和 94 g I-TEQ 二恶英。PM2.5、BC 和 OC 在 Tg yr−1 中的排放量分别为 1.8、0.08 和 0.8。期间年排放量的变异系数相对较小（2.6%～8.6%，因物种而异），但仍呈上升趋势，反映了期间主要农作物的产量变化。从区域来看，CROB 占生物质露天燃烧排放总量的 10-43%，但因国家而异：目前在越南和菲律宾占主导地位，在印度尼西亚、缅甸和泰国占主导地位。在 8 种考虑的作物的 CROB 总排放量中，稻草露天焚烧是最主要的（19-97%）。年排放量的空间分布 (0.1° x 0. 1°) 在种植水稻和甘蔗的地区显示出更高的排放强度，而更高的月排放量恰逢旱季的主要收获期。获得的 EI 数据可进一步用于空气质量建模，以评估 CROB 排放的影响并促进该地区的非 OB 替代品。