The increase of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a major concern for successful diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been achieved on the development of nanotechnology‐based medicines for combating multidrug resistance in microorganisms. Among this, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) hold great promise in addressing this challenge due to their broad‐spectrum and robust antimicrobial properties. This review illustrates the antibacterial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles and further elucidates how different structural factors including surface chemistry, size, and shape, impact their antibacterial activities, which are expected to promote the future development of more potent silver nanoparticle‐based antibacterial agents.

中文翻译：

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银纳米颗粒的抗菌活性：结构效应

细菌中抗生素抗性的增加已成为成功诊断和治疗传染病的主要问题。在过去的几十年中，基于纳米技术的药物在对抗微生物的多药耐药性方面已经取得了重大进展。其中，银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）由于其广谱和强大的抗菌特性而在应对这一挑战方面具有广阔的前景。这篇综述阐明了银纳米颗粒的抗菌机理，并进一步阐明了包括表面化学，大小和形状在内的不同结构因素如何影响其抗菌活性，这些物质有望促进未来更有效的基于银纳米颗粒的抗菌剂的开发。