By considering chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide with known mechanisms of action that affect neurobehavioral development, we assessed the validity and sensitivity of a miniaturized swim flume by investigating the effects of the insecticide on swimming behavior in medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish growing stages. Medaka in three developmental periods, namely 0, 20 and 40 day-old post-hatch (i.e. time points 0, 20 and 40, respectively), were exposed to CPF (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/L) for 48 h under semi-static conditions. The CPF half-lives during exposures were evaluated and the swimming patterns in a flume section (arena) were presented on two-dimensional gradient maps of forced movement of fish against water current. A comparative numerical analysis of fish residence times between each time point control and the corresponding CPF groups was performed by dividing arenas into 15 proportional areas. The time point 0 control group gradient map showed a noticeably different swim pattern from those of the ≥12.5 μg CPF/L groups, which was statistically supported by the differences for residence times seen in ≥12 corresponding areas. The control group gradient maps for time points 20 and 40 differed from those of the respective ≥12.5 μg CPF/L groups. The comparative analysis of the residence times in the corresponding 15 areas revealed differences in ≥5 areas for time point 20 and in ≥3 areas for time point 40. The integrative analysis of the gradient maps and the numerical statistics revealed stage-specific effects and a concentration-response relationship between CPF and alterations on forced medaka swimming despite the dissipation of CPF from the water column. These results indicate the validity of the miniaturized swim flume toward a more environmentally realistic scenario for the evaluation of neurodevelopmental and behavioral toxicity in small fish models.

通过考虑毒死蜱（CPF），与影响神经行为发育作用的已知机制的有机磷农药，我们通过调查杀虫剂对青鳉游泳行为的影响（评估微型游泳水槽的有效性和敏感性青鳉）鱼的生长阶段。在三个发育阶段，即孵化后0、20和40天大的Medaka（即分别为0、20和40个时间点）暴露于CPF（12.5、25、50和100μg/ L）48小时在半静态条件下。评估了暴露期间的CPF半衰期，并在水流强迫移动的二维梯度图上显示了水槽区域（竞技场）中的游泳方式。通过将竞技场划分为15个比例区域，对每个时间点对照组和相应的CPF组之间的鱼类停留时间进行了比较数值分析。时间点0对照组的梯度图显示了与≥12.5μgCPF / L组明显不同的游泳方式，这在统计学上得到了在≥12个相应区域中停留时间的差异的支持。时间点20和40的对照组梯度图与相应的≥12.5μgCPF / L组的梯度图不同。对相应的15个区域的停留时间进行比较分析，发现在时间点20≥5个区域中和在时间点40≥3个区域中。尽管从水柱中消散了CPF，但CPF和强迫性高中游泳变化之间的浓度-反应关系。这些结果表明，小型游泳水槽在评估小鱼模型中神经发育和行为毒性方面朝着更环境逼真的场景的有效性。对相应的15个区域的停留时间进行比较分析，发现在时间点20≥5个区域中和在时间点40≥3个区域中。尽管从水柱中消散了CPF，但CPF和强迫性高中游泳变化之间的浓度-反应关系。这些结果表明，小型游泳水槽在评估小鱼模型中神经发育和行为毒性方面朝着更环境逼真的场景的有效性。对相应的15个区域的停留时间进行比较分析，发现在时间点20≥5个区域中和在时间点40≥3个区域中。尽管从水柱中消散了CPF，但CPF和强迫性高中游泳变化之间的浓度-反应关系。这些结果表明，小型游泳水槽在评估小鱼模型中神经发育和行为毒性方面朝着更环境逼真的场景的有效性。梯度图和数值统计的综合分析显示，尽管CPF从水柱中散出，但阶段性效应以及CPF和强迫性高中游泳变化之间的浓度-响应关系。这些结果表明，小型游泳水槽在评估小鱼模型中神经发育和行为毒性方面朝着更环境逼真的场景的有效性。梯度图和数值统计的综合分析显示，尽管CPF从水柱中散出，但阶段性效应以及CPF和强迫性高中游泳变化之间的浓度-响应关系。这些结果表明，小型游泳水槽在评估小鱼模型中神经发育和行为毒性方面朝着更环境逼真的场景的有效性。