We investigate the dynamics of an electrified liquid filament in a nozzle-to-substrate configuration with a close separation. The interplay between compressive viscous and electrostatic stresses dictates previously undocumented transitions between dynamic regimes of “jetting,” “coiling,” and “whipping.” In particular, the onsets of both coiling and whipping instabilities are significantly influenced by the minimum radius along the liquid filament. Using a low-interfacial-tension system, we unravel the physics behind the transitions between jetting, coiling, and whipping of an electrified filament for a range of liquid properties and geometric parameters. Our results enrich the overall physical picture of the electrically forced jets, and provide insights for the emerging high-resolution instability-assisted printing of materials such as folded assemblies and scaffolds.

我们研究了带电液体丝在喷嘴与基材之间的紧密分离状态下的动力学。压粘性应力和静电应力之间的相互作用决定了以前动态的“喷射”，“卷曲”和“搅打”状态之间未记录的过渡。特别是，沿液体长丝的最小半径会极大地影响卷取和搅打不稳定性的开始。使用低界面张力系统，我们可以揭示在一系列液体特性和几何参数下，带电长丝的喷射，卷曲和搅动之间的过渡过程背后的物理原理。我们的结果丰富了电动喷气机的整体物理情况，