Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing: (1) the history, synthesis, structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications; (2) GBNs uses as therapeutics, drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials; (3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and (4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.

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石墨烯基纳米材料（GBNs）由于其独特的物理化学性质及其在生物技术、生物医学、生物工程、疾病诊断和治疗等方面的应用，越来越受到科学界的关注。尽管已经对这些新型纳米材料进行了大量研究，但对其生物医学应用以及潜在的环境和人类健康影响发表的综合评论有限。本研究旨在通过检查和讨论解决这一知识差距：（1）GBN在生物医学应用中的历史、合成、结构特性和最新发展；(2) GBNs用作治疗剂、药物/基因传递和抗菌材料；(3) GBNs在组织工程中的应用以及作为生物传感器和生物成像材料的研究；(4) GBNs潜在的环境影响和人类健康风险。它还讨论了与 GBN 的生物医学应用相关的观点和挑战。

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