Hydrogen evolution from biomass via photocatalytic processes is possible but still challenging in the chemical industry. Herein, we report an enhanced photoreforming of biomass achieved by loading a graphitic carbon layer on TiO₂/NiO_x nanoparticles. Glucose and polyethylene glycol were used as renewable precursors to prepare a graphitic carbon layer on the NiO_x nanoparticles. Enhanced hydrogen production yields of ∼270 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ and ∼4000 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ were obtained at room temperature and 80 °C, respectively, for photoreforming of a cellulose aqueous solution (∼2 wt%) over TiO₂/NiO_x@C_g. An interface between NiO_x and the graphitic overlayer plays a key role in enhancing biomass photoreforming due to carbon modification for the nickel catalyst. This work demonstrates the feasibility of producing hydrogen directly from biomass by a single photocatalytic process, even over a non-precious metal co-catalyst with a fine-tuned structure of the carbon layer.

中文翻译：

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TiO ₂ / NiO _x上基于石墨碳层的光催化纤维素转化促进的H ₂释放

通过光催化过程从生物质中析出氢是可能的，但在化学工业中仍然具有挑战性。在本文中，我们报道了通过在TiO ₂ / NiO _x纳米颗粒上加载石墨碳层实现的生物质的光重整增强。葡萄糖和聚乙二醇用作可再生前体，以在NiO _x纳米颗粒上制备石墨碳层。分别在室温和80°C下获得了约270μmol·h ^-1 g ^-1和〜4000μmol·h ^-1 g ^-1的提高的产氢量，用于纤维素水溶液（〜2 wt％）的光重整。 TiO ₂ / NiO _x@C _g。由于镍催化剂的碳改性，NiO _x和石墨覆盖层之间的界面在增强生物质光重整中起关键作用。这项工作证明了通过单一的光催化方法直接从生物质生产氢的可行性，甚至可以在具有碳层微调结构的非贵金属助催化剂上进行。