Abstract In this work, we introduce a simple, low-cost, and ecofriendly method for producing barium titanate (BaTiO3–BT) and barium calcium titanate (Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3–BCT) powders. The synthesis was performed by using a proteic sol–gel route which use coconut water in the polymerization step of the metallic precursor. We investigated the effects of the processing parameters with the density, microstructure, and (di)electric properties as sample quality indicators. The sintered ceramics exhibit single crystalline phase, relative density of 95%, a homogeneous microstructure, and an average grain size of 4 µm. The respective dielectric constants of 1200 (BT) and 700 (BCT), measured at room temperature, and the activation energy values for the conductive process are according to those reported in the literature for conventionally prepared ceramics.

中文翻译：

---

蛋白质溶胶-凝胶法合成的BaTiO 3 和Ba 0.77 Ca 0.23 TiO 3 陶瓷的电学特性

摘要 在这项工作中，我们介绍了一种生产钛酸钡 (BaTiO3–BT) 和钛酸钡钙 (Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3–BCT) 粉末的简单、低成本且环保的方法。该合成是通过使用蛋白质溶胶-凝胶途径进行的，该途径在金属前体的聚合步骤中使用椰子水。我们以密度、微观结构和（介电）特性作为样品质量指标，研究了加工参数的影响。烧结陶瓷呈现单晶相，相对密度为 95%，微观结构均匀，平均晶粒尺寸为 4 µm。在室温下测量的 1200 (BT) 和 700 (BCT) 各自的介电常数以及导电过程的活化能值根据文献中报道的常规制备的陶瓷。