Stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel is blocked or ruptured, and it is the major cause of death and adult disability worldwide. Various pharmacological agents have been developed for the treatment of stroke either through interrupting the molecular pathways leading to neuronal death or enhancing neuronal survival and regeneration. Except for rtPA, few of these agents have succeeded in clinical trials. Recently, with the understanding of the pathophysiological process of stroke, there is a resurrection of research on developing neuroprotective agents for stroke treatment, and novel molecular targets for neuroprotection and neurorestoration have been discovered to predict or offer clinical benefits. Here we review the latest major progress of pharmacological studies in stroke, especially in ischemic stroke; summarize emerging potential therapeutic mechanisms; and highlight recent clinical trials. The aim of this review is to provide a panorama of pharmacological interventions for stroke and bridge basic and translational research to guide the clinical management of stroke therapy.

脑血管阻塞或破裂时会发生中风，这是全世界范围内死亡和成人残疾的主要原因。通过中断导致神经元死亡的分子途径或增强神经元存活和再生，已开发了各种药物来治疗中风。除rtPA外，这些药物中很少有在临床试验中成功的。近来，随着对中风的病理生理过程的了解，对开发用于中风治疗的神经保护剂的研究有了复兴，并且已经发现了用于神经保护和神经修复的新型分子靶标可以预测或提供临床益处。在这里，我们回顾了中风特别是缺血性中风的药理学研究的最新主要进展。总结新兴的潜在治疗机制；并重点介绍最近的临床试验。这篇综述的目的是为中风提供药理学干预措施的全景，并桥接基础和转化研究，以指导中风治疗的临床管理。