Abstract Zinc emission into the atmosphere from residual oil combustion is of significant concern due to its higher concentration, solubility and bioavailability. Exposure to zinc laden residual oil fly ash fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (ROFA PM2.5) induces pulmonary and cardiac effects. These effects are closely linked to the concentration and bonding environment of zinc in ROFA PM2.5. Four ROFA PM2.5 samples were prepared in a 732 kW practical fire tube boiler (FTB) by burning one No. 5 and three No. 6 residual oil(s) of varying sulfur and ash contents. For comparison, one ROFA PM2.5 sample was prepared in a 82 kW small refractory line combustor (RLC) by burning one of the No. 6 oils. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy data of FTB PM2.5 samples reveal that zinc sulfate hydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) is the dominant zinc form, with the remainder Zn in zinc phosphate hydrate (Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O) form. Following dissolution of zinc sulfate from FTB PM2.5, a minor Zn-sorbed ferrihydrite form was detected in the residue. In the RLC PM2.5, zinc phosphate hydrate is predominant. The study shows that zinc solubility is dependent on its speciation, grade and composition of oils, combustion condition, and mode of Zn incorporation into particle's carbonaceous matrix. Speciation data provide valuable input to source attribution and health effect studies, and establish a link between the two.

中文翻译：

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使用渣油的锅炉和燃烧器排放的细颗粒物中锌形态的变化

摘要 残油燃烧产生的锌排放到大气中，因其较高的浓度、溶解度和生物利用度而备受关注。暴露于空气动力学直径≤2.5 μm 的含锌残油飞灰细颗粒物 (ROFA PM2.5) 会引起肺和心脏效应。这些影响与 ROFA PM2.5 中锌的浓度和结合环境密切相关。四个 ROFA PM2.5 样品是在 732 kW 实用火管锅炉 (FTB) 中通过燃烧具有不同硫和灰分含量的一种 5 号和三种 6 号渣油制备的。为了进行比较，在 82 kW 小型耐火管线燃烧器 (RLC) 中通过燃烧 6 号油中的一种来制备一个 ROFA PM2.5 样品。FTB PM2.5 样品的 X 射线吸收光谱数据显示，硫酸锌水合物 (ZnSO4.7H2O) 是主要的锌形式，其余 Zn 以磷酸锌水合物 (Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O) 形式存在。在从 FTB PM2.5 中溶解硫酸锌后，在残留物中检测到少量的 Zn 吸附水铁矿形式。在 RLC PM2.5 中，磷酸锌水合物占主导地位。研究表明，锌的溶解度取决于其种类、油品等级和成分、燃烧条件以及 Zn 掺入颗粒碳质基质的方式。物种形成数据为来源归因和健康影响研究提供了宝贵的输入，并在两者之间建立了联系。研究表明，锌的溶解度取决于其种类、油品等级和成分、燃烧条件以及 Zn 掺入颗粒碳质基质的方式。物种形成数据为来源归因和健康影响研究提供了宝贵的输入，并在两者之间建立了联系。研究表明，锌的溶解度取决于其种类、油品等级和成分、燃烧条件以及 Zn 掺入颗粒碳质基质的方式。物种形成数据为来源归因和健康影响研究提供了宝贵的输入，并在两者之间建立了联系。