Abstract Concrete is flying off, but it is simultaneously facing tremendous challenges in terms of environmental impact, financial needs, societal acceptance and image. Based on an historical approach of the science of concrete and reinforced concrete in particular, this paper calls for the exploration of radical changes in three key aspects of concrete use: reinforcement, binder content, and implementation methods. More precisely, it is suggested that, in parallel to the introduction of robotic fabrication methods, digital technologies may be key for the introduction several innovations like (i) rebar-free reinforcement using non-convex granular media; (ii) compression-optimized concrete structures, using topology optimization, architectural geometry, and 3D-printing or origami-patterned formworks; (iii) truly digital concrete through the coupling of massive data collection and deep learning.

中文翻译：

---

混凝土材料科学：过去、现在和未来的创新

摘要 混凝土正在飞速发展，但同时也面临着环境影响、资金需求、社会接受度和形象方面的巨大挑战。基于混凝土和钢筋混凝土科学的历史方法，本文呼吁探索混凝土使用的三个关键方面的根本变化：钢筋、粘合剂含量和实施方法。更准确地说，在引入机器人制造方法的同时，数字技术可能是引入多项创新的关键，例如 (i) 使用非凸粒状介质的无钢筋加固；(ii) 压缩优化的混凝土结构，使用拓扑优化、建筑几何学和 3D 打印或折纸图案模板；