The 11-member APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like) family of zinc-dependent cytidine deaminases bind to RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and, in specific contexts, modify select (deoxy)cytidines to (deoxy)uridines. In this review, we describe advances made through high-resolution co-crystal structures of APOBECs bound to mono- or oligonucleotides that reveal potential substrate-specific binding sites at the active site and non-sequence-specific nucleic acid binding sites distal to the active site. We also discuss the effect of APOBEC oligomerization on functionality. Future structural studies will need to address how ssDNA binding away from the active site may enhance catalysis and the mechanism by which RNA binding may modulate catalytic activity on ssDNA.

中文翻译：

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建模突变体的拥抱：核酸配体的APOBEC选择。

锌依赖性胞嘧啶脱氨酶的11个成员APOBEC（载脂蛋白B mRNA编辑催化多肽样）家族与RNA和单链DNA（ssDNA）结合，并在特定情况下将选择的（脱氧）胞苷修饰为（脱氧）尿苷。在这篇综述中，我们描述了通过结合到单核苷酸或寡核苷酸的APOBEC的高分辨率共晶体结构所取得的进展，这些结构揭示了活性位点的潜在底物特异性结合位点和活性末端的非序列特异性核酸结合位点地点。我们还将讨论APOBEC低聚对功能的影响。未来的结构研究将需要解决ssDNA与活性位点的结合如何增强催化作用，以及RNA结合可以调节ssDNA催化活性的机制。