Background: Food recommendations to improve cancer prevention are generally based on epidemiologic data and remain inconsistent. These epidemiologic studies, while controversial, have generally produced results that caution against the consumption of high-fat foods, including eggs, red meat, and full-fat dairy, such as butter and cheese. Yet, limited data exist assessing the quality of individual sources of these foods and the effect each has after its consumption. This study set out to assess the impact sources of food within the same groups from animals raised differently on variables associated with health in human studies. Methods and Materials: A search was conducted through MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed. In total, twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria, measuring physiologic changes in humans after consuming animal products following animal diet manipulation. A meta-analysis was attempted to assess the differences between the cohorts in these studies, but was aborted due to poor study quality, vast differences in study design, and a limited number of studies. Results: Studies varied by animal, animal diet manipulation, food product, and overall design. Significant differences were present between groups eating the same food (cheese, beef, eggs, and butter) from animals raised differently, including levels of: conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids (alpha linoleic acid [ALA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), and inflammatory factors (triacyl glycerol [TAG], interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-8 [IL-8], tumor necrosis factor [TNF], and C-reactive protein [CRP]). Lipid levels were minimally affected. Conclusions: This work highlights differences in human health markers after consumption of the same foods from animals raised differently. Overall, lipid levels remained relatively neutral, but significant changes in inflammatory and other serum markers and phospholipids were present. Future studies and dietary recommendations should consider how animals are raised, as this can produce different effects on health markers.

中文翻译：

---

肉，蛋，全脂奶制品和营养旺盛的人：饲养动物的方式对人类的健康有不同的影响吗？

背景：改善癌症预防的食品建议通常基于流行病学数据，但仍不一致。这些流行病学研究虽然有争议，但总体上得出的结果提醒人们不要食用高脂食品，包括鸡蛋，红肉和全脂乳制品，如黄油和奶酪。但是，评估这些食物的各个来源的质量以及每种食物食用后的影响的数据有限。这项研究着手评估人类研究中同一组食物对不同健康因素的影响。方法与材料：通过MEDLINE，Embase和PubMed进行了搜索。总共有29个研究符合纳入标准，该标准测量了动物饮食控制后食用动物产品后人体的生理变化。试图进行荟萃分析以评估这些研究中不同人群之间的差异，但由于研究质量差，研究设计差异巨大且研究数量有限，因此被中止。结果：研究因动物，动物饮食控制，食品和整体设计而异。从不同饲养的动物中食用相同食物（奶酪，牛肉，鸡蛋和黄油）的组之间存在显着差异，其中包括：共轭亚油酸，ω-3脂肪酸（α亚油酸[ALA]，二十二碳六烯酸[DHA] ]，二十碳五烯酸[EPA]）和炎性因子（三酰基甘油[TAG]，白介素6 [IL-6]，白介素8 [IL-8]，肿瘤坏死因子[TNF]和C反应蛋白） [CRP]）。脂质水平受到的影响最小。结论：这项工作着重说明食用了不同饲养动物的相同食物后人类健康指标的差异。总体而言，脂质水平保持相对中性，但存在炎症和其他血清标志物和磷脂的显着变化。未来的研究和饮食建议应考虑如何饲养动物，因为这会对健康标志物产生不同的影响。