There is a growing research interest on the antenatal features of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, it has been proved that the neurodevelopment is, at least partly, affected by processes occurring in fetal life and that the early neurodevelopmental disorders identification is essential to optimize long-term outcomes.

This systematic review aims to summarize findings on antenatal ultrasound data, which are or might be considered early risk indexes of postnatal social impairments.

We conducted systematic searches in Pubmed and PsychINFO databases to identify studies including fetal ultrasound measurements and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome assessment. The bibliographic search included 3203 articles but after the assessment of the eligibility conducted by two independent researchers, only 26 studies were selected.

Some alterations in ultrasound antenatal measurements (such as biophysical data, nuchal thickness and enlargement of cerebral ventricles) have been associated to autism spectrum disorder. However, data are still limited, controversial and not specific. Reported data are here discussed to strongly support studies on fetuses at high risk for autism spectrum disorder.

对神经发育障碍儿童的产前特征的研究兴趣不断增长。确实，已经证明神经发育至少部分地受到胎儿生命中发生的过程的影响，早期神经发育障碍的识别对于优化长期结果至关重要。

本系统综述旨在总结有关产前超声检查数据的发现，这些数据被认为或可能被认为是产后社交障碍的早期风险指标。

我们在Pubmed和PsychINFO数据库中进行了系统的搜索，以确定包括胎儿超声测量和产后神经发育结果评估在内的研究。书目搜索包括3203篇文章，但在由两名独立研究人员进行的资格评估之后，仅选择了26篇研究。

超声产前测量的某些改变（例如生物物理数据，颈部厚度和脑室扩大）与自闭症谱系障碍有关。但是，数据仍然有限，有争议且不具体。这里讨论报告的数据以强烈支持对自闭症谱系障碍高危胎儿的研究。