Background

Food fraud is described as a violation of food law, which is intentionally committed to get an economic or financial gain through the consumer's swindle resulting in multi-million business and posing a public health threat. The main fraudulent practices are mislabelling of composition, certificates of origin, health claims, and artificial increases in weight or volume caused by replacement, dilution, addition or removal of some ingredients. Hardly 68% of the food fraud violations are produced in animal and vegetable products with high fat content (27% meat, 13% fish, 11% oils, 10% dairy products, 4% nuts and seeds and 3% animal by-products) becoming a crucial issue for food processing industries.

Scope and approach

The present review focuses on the main authentication techniques and methods employed to clarify the authenticity of both animal and vegetable fat food products emphasizing the importance of the use of robust and reliable analytical techniques combined with multivariate analyses.

Key findings and conclusions

Targeted approaches, such as chromatography and DNA-based methods, combined with multivariate analysis have shown high accuracy, sensitivity and selectivity, allowing the simultaneous evaluation of multiple analytes. In addition, non-target methods, such as those based on spectroscopic techniques, have been used to establish the geographic origin of food products with quick response, low cost, non-destructive character and also offering the possibility to be miniaturized.

中文翻译：

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分析方法与多元分析相结合来鉴定高脂肪含量的动植物食品

背景

食品欺诈被描述为违反食品法，该食品法旨在通过消费者的骗局来获取经济或财务收益，从而导致数以百万计的业务和对公共健康的威胁。主要的欺诈行为是成分标示不当，原产地证明，健康声明，以及由于替换，稀释，添加或去除某些成分而造成的人为增加重量或体积。几乎没有68％的食品欺诈违法行为是由高脂肪含量的动植物产品产生的（27％的肉，13％的鱼，11％的油，10％的乳制品，4％的坚果和种子以及3％的动物副产品）成为食品加工业的关键问题。

范围和方法

本综述着重于主要的鉴定技术和方法，以阐明动植物油脂食品的真实性，强调使用可靠，可靠的分析技术与多元分析相结合的重要性。

主要发现和结论

靶向方法（例如色谱法和基于DNA的方法）与多变量分析相结合，显示了高精度，高灵敏度和高选择性，从而可以同时评估多种分析物。另外，非目标方法，例如基于光谱技术的方法，已经被用于建立具有快速响应，低成本，无损特征的食品的地理起源，并且还提供了被小型化的可能性。