Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) and sulfated fucans (SFs) are conspicuous components of the body wall of sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea). FCSs are composed of a central core of chondroitin sulfate (CS) decorated with branches of mono- or both mono- and disaccharides of α-fucose (FCS types I and II, respectively). FCSs type II have heterogeneous and irregularly distributed α-fucose branches; however, the novel FCS type II from Holothuria lentiginosa described herein via solution nuclear magnetic resonance has strikingly homogeneous α-fucose branches neatly distributed along its CS core. This FCS is built up of three distinct sequential units composed of the typical CS disaccharides of FCSs, rich in β-galactosamine-4,6diS, decorated with branches of α-Fucp-2,4diS, α-Fucp-3,4diS or α-Fucp[1→3]α-Fucp-4S[1→ linked to the position 3- of the β-glucuronic acid. Conformational analyses of these repetitive units revealed a fairly rigid structure despite of the high sulfate content of their α-fucose branches. We also determined the structure of the SF from H. lentiginosa as a repetitive tetrasaccharide sequence composed of →3]α-Fucp-2,4diS[1→3]α-Fucp[1→3]α-Fucp-2S[1→3]α-Fucp-2S[1→. Furthermore, we determined that the nonsulfated α-fucose units present in FCS type II did not interfere with their anticoagulant potencies and affinities to calcium. FCS is an autapomorphic molecular character of the class Holothuroidea and the composition of their α-fucose branches differs in a species-specific manner. Branches containing α-Fucp-2,4diS are the most common within the extant holothurians, being found in 90% of the FCSs characterized thus far.

中文翻译：

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独特的岩藻糖基化硫酸软骨素II型，具有明显均匀且整齐分布的α-岩藻糖分支

岩藻糖基化硫酸软骨素（FCS）和硫酸化岩藻糖（SFs）是海参（Holothuroidea）体壁的显着成分。FCS由硫酸软骨素（CS）的中心核心组成，装饰着α-岩藻糖的单糖或单糖和二糖（分别为I和II型FCS）的分支。II型FCS具有异质且不规则分布的α-岩藻糖分支；然而，本文中通过溶液核磁共振描述的来自Holothruria lentiginosa的新型FCS II型具有惊人均匀的α-岩藻糖支链，沿其CS核整齐地分布。该FCS是建立在FCSS的典型CS双糖，含有丰富的β氨基半乳糖4,6diS，饰以α岩藻糖的分支机构组成的三个不同的顺序单位达p -2,4diS，α岩藻糖p -3,4diS或α-Fuc的p [1→3]α-Fuc的p -4S [1→连接到β葡糖醛酸的3-位。这些重复单元的构象分析表明，尽管其α-岩藻糖支中的硫酸盐含量很高，但结构相当刚性。我们还确定了SF的从结构H. lentiginosa作为重复四糖序列组成→3]α-Fuc的的p -2,4diS [1→3]α-Fuc的p [1→3]α-Fuc的p -2S [1→3]α-Fuc的p-2S [1→。此外，我们确定存在于FCS II型中的非硫酸化α-岩藻糖单元不会干扰其抗凝能力和对钙的亲和力。FCS是类Holothuroidea类的一种拟态分子特征，其α-岩藻糖分支的组成以物种特异性方式不同。含有α-Fuc的分支p -2,4diS是现存海参内最常见的，在FCSS的90％被发现特征迄今。