Capillary electrophoresis has emerged as a powerful approach for carbohydrate analyses since 2014. The method provides high resolution capable of separating carbohydrates by charge-to-size ratio. Principle applications are heavily focused on N-glycans, which are highly relevant to biological therapeutics and biomarker research. Advances in techniques used for N-glycan structural identification include migration time indexing and exoglycosidase and lectin profiling, as well as mass spectrometry. Capillary electrophoresis methods have been developed that are capable of separating glycans with the same monosaccharide sequence but different positional isomers, as well as determining whether monosaccharides composing a glycan are alpha or beta linked. Significant applications of capillary electrophoresis to the analyses of N-glycans in biomarker discovery and biological therapeutics are emphasized with a brief discussion included on carbohydrate analyses of glycosaminoglycans and mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides relevant to food and plant products. Innovative, emerging techniques in the field are highlighted and the future direction of the technology is projected based on the significant contributions of capillary electrophoresis to glycoscience from 2014 to the present as discussed in this review.

中文翻译：

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聚糖的毛细管电泳分离。

自 2014 年以来，毛细管电泳已成为一种强大的碳水化合物分析方法。该方法提供高分辨率，能够通过电荷大小比分离碳水化合物。原理应用主要集中在 N-聚糖，它与生物治疗和生物标志物研究高度相关。N-聚糖结构鉴定技术的进步包括迁移时间索引、外切糖苷酶和凝集素分析以及质谱分析。已经开发出毛细管电泳方法，能够分离具有相同单糖序列但不同位置异构体的聚糖，以及确定构成聚糖的单糖是α连接还是β连接。重点介绍了毛细管电泳在生物标志物发现和生物治疗中 N-聚糖分析的重要应用，并简要讨论了与食品和植物产品相关的糖胺聚糖以及单糖、二糖和寡糖的碳水化合物分析。重点介绍了该领域的创新、新兴技术，并根据本综述中讨论的 2014 年至今毛细管电泳对糖科学的重大贡献来预测该技术的未来方向。