Nanoscale Bi-based photocatalysts are promising candidates for visible-light-driven photocatalytic environmental remediation and energy conversion. However, the performance of bulk bismuthal semiconductors is unsatisfactory. Increasing efforts have been focused on enhancing the performance of this photocatalyst family. Many studies have reported on component adjustment, morphology control, heterojunction construction, and surface modification. Herein, recent topics in these fields, including doping, changing stoichiometry, solid solutions, ultrathin nanosheets, hierarchical and hollow architectures, conventional heterojunctions, direct Z-scheme junctions, and surface modification of conductive materials and semiconductors, are reviewed. The progress in the enhancement mechanism involving light absorption, band structure tailoring, and separation and utilization of excited carriers, is also introduced. The challenges and tendencies in the studies of nanoscale Bi-based photocatalysts are discussed and summarized.

中文翻译：

---

纳米Bi基光催化剂的研究进展

纳米级Bi基光催化剂是可见光驱动的光催化环境修复和能量转换的有前途的候选者。但是，体双态半导体的性能不能令人满意。越来越多的努力集中在增强该光催化剂家族的性能上。许多研究报告了组件调整，形态控制，异质结构造和表面改性。在此，回顾了这些领域中的最新主题，包括掺杂，化学计量变化，固溶体，超薄纳米片，分层和中空结构，常规异质结，直接Z方案结以及导电材料和半导体的表面改性。增强机制的进展涉及光吸收，能带结构调整，还介绍了激发载流子的分离和利用。讨论和总结了纳米级Bi基光催化剂研究中的挑战和趋势。