Dynamically changing distribution system operating conditions compromises the coordination of the existing protection schemes. This paper proposes an online adaptive protection coordination scheme by utilizing numerical directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and commercial A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) based Interior Point OPTimization (IPOPT) solver. The proposed scheme also utilizes intelligent electronic devices and a communication channel to obtain real-time system information and to update relays settings. The presented approach is able to handle different operating conditions of the system, including loss of loads, generations, and lines. Further, the miscoordination arising due to injections of distributed generations (DGs) is also handled. The proposed approach has been tested on the IEEE 14-bus system (with and without DG), under various operating conditions. Overall system reliability enhancement using the proposed approach has been analyzed in terms of the amount of energy not supplied. Further, the optimum settings of DOCRs obtained using AMPL based IPOPT solver has been compared with those obtained by General Algebraic Modeling System based Sparse Nonlinear OPTimizer solver, OPTI Toolbox based IPOPT solver, MATLAB based interior point method, and metaheuristic genetic algorithm and differential evolution. It has been found that the proposed coordination approach gives good results in reasonably small time and thus, is suitable for the adaptive protection scheme.

中文翻译：

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数值方向过电流继电器的自适应保护协调方案

动态变化的配电系统运行条件会损害现有保护方案的协调性。本文提出了一种在线自适应保护协调方案，该方案利用数字方向过流继电器（DOCR）和商用的基于数学编程语言（AMPL）的内部点OPTimization（IPOPT）求解器。所提出的方案还利用智能电子设备和通信信道来获取实时系统信息并更新继电器设置。所提出的方法能够处理系统的不同操作条件，包括负载损失，发电量和线路损失。此外，还可以解决由于注入分布式发电（DG）而引起的不协调。提议的方法已在IEEE 14总线系统（带或不带DG）上进行了测试，在各种操作条件下。已根据未提供的能量数量分析了使用建议的方法提高的总体系统可靠性。此外，已将使用基于AMPL的IPOPT求解器获得的DOCR的最佳设置与通过基于通用代数建模系统的稀疏非线性OPTimizer求解器，基于OPTI Toolbox的IPOPT求解器，基于MATLAB的内部点方法以及元启发式遗传算法和微分进化获得的最优设置进行了比较。已经发现，所提出的协调方法在相当短的时间内给出了良好的结果，因此适用于自适应保护方案。比较了使用基于AMPL的IPOPT求解器获得的DOCR的最佳设置与通过基于通用代数建模系统的稀疏非线性OPTimizer求解器，基于OPTI Toolbox的IPOPT求解器，基于MATLAB的内点法以及基于元启发式遗传算法和微分进化的优化设置。已经发现，所提出的协调方法在相当短的时间内给出了良好的结果，因此适用于自适应保护方案。比较了使用基于AMPL的IPOPT求解器获得的DOCR的最佳设置与通过基于通用代数建模系统的稀疏非线性OPTimizer求解器，基于OPTI Toolbox的IPOPT求解器，基于MATLAB的内点法以及基于元启发式遗传算法和微分进化的优化设置。已经发现，所提出的协调方法在相当短的时间内给出了良好的结果，因此适用于自适应保护方案。