Humanity faces a grand challenge as we seek to enhance food production, improve livelihoods, and preserve ecosystems. Existing frameworks of sustainable agricultural intensification offer the promise of balancing food production with sparing land for nature, but are too narrowly focused to address all dimensions of the challenge. To this debate, we contribute a synthetic discussion of the broader goals of sustainable intensification, arguing that it is necessary to incorporate improvement of smallholder wellbeing as an explicit goal of sustainable intensification. Many of the rural lands available for increased food production are currently farmed by smallholders whose livelihoods will be affected by changes in production systems. Evidence suggests that expected income benefits to smallholders do not always materialize, come at the cost of other dimensions of livelihoods, or are distributed unevenly. Innovative combinations of different strategies such as revitalization of abandoned farmlands, changes in consumer diet regimes, ecological intensification, enhancement of diversification and agricultural extension services, and strong local institutions under the backdrop of economic globalization can be harnessed to increase land-use efficiency, thus meeting the goals of providing sufficient food while reconciling environmental conservation with improved smallholder wellbeing.

在我们寻求提高粮食产量，改善生计和保护生态系统的过程中，人类面临着巨大挑战。现有的可持续农业集约化框架提供了在粮食生产与自然保护区之间取得平衡的希望，但其关注点过于狭窄，无法应对挑战的所有方面。在这次辩论中，我们对可持续集约化的更广泛目标进行了综合讨论，认为有必要将改善小农户的福祉作为可持续集约化的明确目标。目前，许多可用于增加粮食产量的农村土地都由小农耕种，其生计将受到生产系统变化的影响。有证据表明，向小农户的预期收入收益并不总是能实现，以其他生计为代价，或分布不均。可以利用各种战略的创新组合，例如振兴废弃的农田，改变消费者的饮食结构，生态集约化，加强多样化和农业推广服务以及在经济全球化背景下建立强大的地方机构，以提高土地利用效率，从而提高土地利用效率，从而提高土地利用效率，从而提高土地利用效率。满足提供充足食物的目标，同时兼顾环境保护与改善小农福祉的目标。