Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of plasmonic nanomaterials for applications in biology and medicine generating a new field, the so-called bioplasmonics. At present, plasmonic nanoparticles can be found in many applications serving as therapeutics, diagnostic or theranostic agents. The rapid advancement of bioplasmonics has gone hand in hand with the multiplication of the synthetic methods to produce finely-tailored plasmonic nanomaterials and the development of their surface functionalization tools, which is key to provide them with colloidal stability and/or specificity in complex biological media. This review aims to highlight basic physicochemical properties in the bioplasmonics context, as well as the most important bioapplications based on the properties of plasmonic colloids. Pioneering works that stimulated the rise of the bioplasmonics field, as well as most recent advances and future directions are discussed.

近年来，见证了在生物和医学中应用的等离激元纳米材料的飞速发展，产生了一个新领域，即所谓的生物等离激元。目前，可在许多应用中发现等离激元纳米颗粒用作治疗剂，诊断剂或治疗诊断剂。生物等离子体技术的快速发展与生产精细定制的等离子体纳米材料的合成方法的繁多以及其表面功能化工具的发展密切相关，这是在复杂生物介质中为它们提供胶体稳定性和/或特异性的关键。 。这篇综述的目的是强调在生物等离激元学背景下的基本物理化学特性，以及基于等离激元胶体特性的最重要的生物应用。