Abstract This review focuses on carbon-based sodium ion battery (NIB) negative electrodes, emphasizing the internal structure – Na storage mechanisms – electrochemical performance relations. We bring a unique vantage to the ever-expanding field of NIB anode literature: To quantify the critical emphasis on the structure – properties interdependence, we provide comprehensive data comparisons of representative published studies. This is accomplished through a series of “Master Plots”, which rather than focusing on an individual publication, combine the data by broad features first outlined in the taxonomy section. The advantage of such an approach is that it transcends the paper-to-paper differences in electrochemical performance in a given class of anodes, providing generalizable comparisons that are statistically significant. For instance, we manage to demonstrate that, while N-doped carbons have a slight advantage in terms of capacity, their rate performance at higher currents is unchanged over that of undoped carbons. To our knowledge such broad high-level data analysis has not been done in past reviews on either NIB or LIB carbon anodes. Furthermore, we also discuss a wide range of individual microstructures and chemistries, offering critical analysis when appropriate.

中文翻译：

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内部结构 - Na 储存机制 - 碳中的电化学性能关系

摘要 本综述重点关注碳基钠离子电池（NIB）负极，强调其内部结构-钠储存机制-电化学性能关系。我们为不断扩大的 NIB 阳极文献领域带来了独特的优势：为了量化对结构 - 性能相互依赖性的关键强调，我们提供了代表性已发表研究的全面数据比较。这是通过一系列“主图”完成的，这些图不是专注于单个出版物，而是通过分类法部分首先概述的广泛特征来组合数据。这种方法的优势在于它超越了给定类别阳极电化学性能的纸与纸差异，提供了具有统计意义的可概括比较。例如，我们设法证明，虽然 N 掺杂的碳在容量方面略有优势，但它们在较高电流下的倍率性能与未掺杂的碳相比没有变化。据我们所知，在过去对 NIB 或 LIB 碳阳极的评论中，尚未进行过如此广泛的高级数据分析。此外，我们还讨论了各种不同的微观结构和化学成分，并在适当时提供关键分析。