To meet multiple environmental objectives, integrated programming is becoming increasingly important for the Global Environmental Facility, the financial mechanism of the Multilateral Environmental Agreements, including the UN Convention to Combat Desertification. However, integration is often not well defined. We therefore focus on identifying key aspects of integration and assessing their implementation in natural resources management projects. To that end, we draw on systems thinking literature and carry out an analysis of a random sample of Global Environmental Facility integrated projects and in-depth case studies demonstrating lessons learned and good practice. We highlight the need for projects to identify clearer system boundaries and main feedback mechanisms within those boundaries, in order to effectively address drivers of environmental change. We propose a theory of change for integrated natural resources management projects, where short-term environmental and socioeconomic benefits will first accrue at the local level. Implementation of improved integrated natural resources management technologies and practices at the local level can then be extended through spatial planning and strengthening of innovation systems. Financing and incentive mechanisms at the watershed and/or landscape/seascape level coupled with supporting policies could sustain and enhance ecosystem services at even larger scales and longer time spans. The evolving scientific understanding of factors influencing social, technical, and institutional innovations and transitions towards sustainable management of natural resources should be harnessed and integrated into influencing models and theory of change for complex social-environmental problems, such as land degradation, and be coupled with up-to-date approaches for learning, adaptive management, and scaling up. (Less)

中文翻译：

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自然资源管理的综合方法——理论与实践

为了实现多个环境目标，综合规划对全球环境基金、多边环境协定的财务机制（包括联合国防治荒漠化公约）变得越来越重要。但是，集成通常没有明确定义。因此，我们专注于确定整合的关键方面并评估其在自然资源管理项目中的实施。为此，我们利用系统思维文献，对全球环境基金综合项目的随机样本和深入的案例研究进行分析，展示经验教训和良好实践。我们强调项目需要确定更清晰的系统边界和这些边界内的主要反馈机制，以有效解决环境变化的驱动因素。我们为综合自然资源管理项目提出了一种变革理论，其中短期环境和社会经济效益将首先在地方层面产生。然后可以通过空间规划和加强创新系统，在地方层面实施改进的综合自然资源管理技术和实践。流域和/或景观/海景层面的融资和激励机制，加上支持政策，可以在更大范围和更长的时间跨度上维持和加强生态系统服务。对影响社会、技术、应利用体制创新和向自然资源可持续管理的转变，并将其纳入对土地退化等复杂社会环境问题的影响模型和变革理论，并结合最新的学习方法和适应性管理，并扩大规模。（较少的）