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Parkin function in Parkinson's disease
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-04-19 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aar6606
Connor Arkinson 1 , Helen Walden 1
Affiliation  

Models of Parkin-mediated ubiquitination lend insight into the role of pathological mutations Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and is characterized by involuntary shaking, muscle rigidity, and the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. In ∼5 to 10% of PD cases there is a genetic association, with almost 20 genes attributed to date. One example is early-onset autosomal recessive PD (ARPD), for which the majority of cases are linked to mutations in the Parkin gene (PRKN; also known as PARK2). PRKN encodes the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, which plays important roles in mitochondrial quality control and turnover. Parkin, although localized to the mitochondria under certain conditions, is primarily cytosolic (1). A second ARPD-associated gene, PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1), encodes a mitochondrially tethered kinase that regulates Parkin activity through phosphorylation events. Mutations in PINK1, although rare, are associated with a phenotype similar to that of ARPD patients with PRKN mutations. Numerous mutations throughout PRKN are linked to ARPD, making the functional examination of Parkin crucial to understanding ARPD pathogenesis. A wealth of structural studies have transformed our knowledge of Parkin regulation and catalytic mechanisms. However, the current picture is incomplete, leading to several possible models of Parkin catalysis, which has implications for understanding how the ARPD-associated mutations affect the protein and thus PD pathogenesis.

中文翻译:

帕金森病中的帕金森功能

Parkin 介导的泛素化模型有助于深入了解病理突变的作用 帕金森病 (PD) 是第二种最常见的神经退行性疾病,其特征是不自主颤抖、肌肉僵硬和多巴胺能神经元的逐渐丧失。在约 5% 至 10% 的 PD 病例中存在遗传关联,迄今为止有近 20 个基因被归因。一个例子是早发性常染色体隐性遗传 PD (ARPD),其中大多数病例与 Parkin 基因 (PRKN;也称为 PARK2) 的突变有关。PRKN 编码 E3 泛素连接酶 Parkin,在线粒体质量控制和更新中发挥重要作用。Parkin 虽然在某些条件下定位于线粒体,但主要是细胞溶质 (1)。第二个 ARPD 相关基因 PINK1(PTEN 诱导的推定激酶 1),编码线粒体系留激酶,通过磷酸化事件调节 Parkin 活性。PINK1 中的突变虽然罕见,但与具有 PRKN 突变的 ARPD 患者的表型相似。PRKN 中的许多突变都与 ARPD 相关,这使得 Parkin 的功能检查对于了解 ARPD 发病机制至关重要。大量的结构研究改变了我们对 Parkin 调控和催化机制的认识。然而,目前的图片是不完整的,导致了几种可能的 Parkin 催化模型,这对于理解 ARPD 相关突变如何影响蛋白质进而影响 PD 发病机制具有重要意义。与具有 PRKN 突变的 ARPD 患者的表型相似。PRKN 中的许多突变都与 ARPD 相关,这使得 Parkin 的功能检查对于了解 ARPD 发病机制至关重要。大量的结构研究改变了我们对 Parkin 调控和催化机制的认识。然而,目前的图片是不完整的,导致了几种可能的 Parkin 催化模型,这对于理解 ARPD 相关突变如何影响蛋白质进而影响 PD 发病机制具有重要意义。与具有 PRKN 突变的 ARPD 患者的表型相似。PRKN 中的许多突变都与 ARPD 相关,这使得 Parkin 的功能检查对于了解 ARPD 发病机制至关重要。大量的结构研究改变了我们对 Parkin 调控和催化机制的认识。然而,目前的图片是不完整的,导致了几种可能的 Parkin 催化模型,这对于理解 ARPD 相关突变如何影响蛋白质进而影响 PD 发病机制具有重要意义。
更新日期:2018-04-19
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